A multi-stage bubble-column vapor mixture condenser includes at least a first stage and a second stage. Each stage includes a condenser chamber including a carrier-gas inlet and a carrier-gas outlet and contains a condensing bath. Carrier gas bubbles from the carrier-gas inlet up through the condensing bath, overcoming a hydrostatic head of the condensing bath, to a volume of carrier gas above the condensing bath. The carrier-gas outlet is positioned with an opening for carrier-gas extraction, and the first-stage carrier-gas outlet is in fluid communication with the second-stage carrier-gas inlet to facilitate flow of the carrier gas through the condensing bath in the first-stage condenser chamber, into the volume of carrier gas above the first-stage condensing bath, and then through the condensing bath in the second-stage condenser chamber. The first-stage condenser chamber further includes an intermediate-exchange inlet positioned and configured to inject additional carrier gas into the first-stage condenser.

Trays having increased capacity and efficiency are described. The trays have a deck, and downcomers extending through the deck. There are a plurality of bubble promoters on the deck. Each bubble promoter defines a zone on the deck, and the zone has an opening in the deck. The opening is positioned adjacent to a solid support for the tray. The bubble promoters provide areas through which vapor can passing, turning blocked areas of the tray into active areas. Mass transfer columns containing the trays are also described.

Trays having increased capacity and efficiency are described. The trays have a deck, and downcomers extending through the deck. There are a plurality of bubble promoters on the deck. Each bubble promoter defines a zone on the deck, and the zone has an opening in the deck. The opening is positioned adjacent to a solid support for the tray. The bubble promoters provide areas through which vapor can passing, turning blocked areas of the tray into active areas. Mass transfer columns containing the trays are also described.

A multi-stage bubble-column vapor mixture condenser comprises at least a first stage and a second stage. Each stage includes a carrier-gas inlet and a carrier-gas outlet, as well as a condenser chamber containing a condensing bath in fluid communication with the carrier-gas inlet and the carrier-gas outlet. The carrier-gas inlet is positioned to bubble carrier gas from the carrier-gas inlet up through the condensing bath, overcoming a hydrostatic head of the condensing bath. The carrier-gas outlet is positioned with an opening for carrier-gas extraction above the condensing bath, wherein the first-stage carrier-gas outlet is in fluid communication with the carrier-gas inlet of the second stage to facilitate flow of the carrier gas through the condensing bath in the condenser chamber of the first stage and then through the condensing bath in the condenser chamber of the second stage.

A multi-stage bubble-column vapor mixture condenser comprises at least a first stage and a second stage. Each stage includes a carrier-gas inlet and a carrier-gas outlet, as well as a condenser chamber containing a condensing bath in fluid communication with the carrier-gas inlet and the carrier-gas outlet. The carrier-gas inlet is positioned to bubble carrier gas from the carrier-gas inlet up through the condensing bath, overcoming a hydrostatic head of the condensing bath. The carrier-gas outlet is positioned with an opening for carrier-gas extraction above the condensing bath, wherein the first-stage carrier-gas outlet is in fluid communication with the carrier-gas inlet of the second stage to facilitate flow of the carrier gas through the condensing bath in the condenser chamber of the first stage and then through the condensing bath in the condenser chamber of the second stage.

A device for capturing particles includes a gas-guiding unit, a gas-guiding unit and a mist-elimination unit. The gas-guiding unit has opposing first and second ends. The mist-elimination unit is disposed at the second end. The liquid-circulation unit, disposed under the mist-elimination unit by surrounding the gas-guiding unit, includes through holes below the gas-guiding unit by a gap. A gas containing particles enters the channel via the first end and then the mist-elimination unit via the second end. While the gas flows into the channel, the liquid in the liquid-circulation unit is inhaled into the channel via the gap to form droplets containing particles. After the droplets are captured by the mist-elimination unit, the liquid formed at the mist-elimination unit flows down into the liquid-circulation unit to reform the liquid to be further inhaled back to the channel of the gas-guiding unit via the gap.

A device for capturing particles includes a gas-guiding unit, a gas-guiding unit and a mist-elimination unit. The gas-guiding unit has opposing first and second ends. The mist-elimination unit is disposed at the second end. The liquid-circulation unit, disposed under the mist-elimination unit by surrounding the gas-guiding unit, includes through holes below the gas-guiding unit by a gap. A gas containing particles enters the channel via the first end and then the mist-elimination unit via the second end. While the gas flows into the channel, the liquid in the liquid-circulation unit is inhaled into the channel via the gap to form droplets containing particles. After the droplets are captured by the mist-elimination unit, the liquid formed at the mist-elimination unit flows down into the liquid-circulation unit to reform the liquid to be further inhaled back to the channel of the gas-guiding unit via the gap.

A device for bubbling a gas into a liquid is disclosed. The device comprises a first bubbling apparatus nested inside a second bubbling apparatus. The first bubbling apparatus comprises a gas inlet for receiving the gas and a plurality of first openings for releasing the gas. The second bubbling apparatus at least partially encloses the plurality of first openings of the first bubbling apparatus. The second bubbling apparatus receives the gas from the plurality of first openings. The second bubbling apparatus comprises a plurality of second openings for bubbling the gas into the liquid.

A device for bubbling a gas into a liquid is disclosed. The device comprises a first bubbling apparatus nested inside a second bubbling apparatus. The first bubbling apparatus comprises a gas inlet for receiving the gas and a plurality of first openings for releasing the gas. The second bubbling apparatus at least partially encloses the plurality of first openings of the first bubbling apparatus. The second bubbling apparatus receives the gas from the plurality of first openings. The second bubbling apparatus comprises a plurality of second openings for bubbling the gas into the liquid.

A phase separation assembly includes a stand pipe configured to be located at a bottom of a distillation column, the stand pipe for directing a liquid phase of a hydrocarbon fluid through a bottom outlet to a heating assembly; a return conduit configured to direct heated hydrocarbon fluid from the heating assembly into the distillation column; a ring baffle configured to be located within the distillation column above the return conduit; and a horizontal plate configured to be disposed above the stand pipe. The ring baffle directs the heated hydrocarbon fluid around the inner circumferential wall of the distillation column so that vapor and liquid phases can separate. Weir features on the ring baffle can facilitate separation of vapor and liquid flows of the hydrocarbon.