Xenon and/or krypton is separated from a liquid oxygen stream comprising oxygen and xenon and/or krypton in a process comprising providing at least a portion of the liquid oxygen stream as a reflux liquid to the top of a rare gas recovery column operated at a pressure of between 5 to 25 bara, vaporizing a reboiler liquid in the reboiling zone in the bottom of the rare gas recovery column to produce a mixture of a rising vapor and a xenon and/or krypton-enriched liquid stream; and contacting the rising vapor with the reflux liquid in at least one distillation zone of the column to effect stripping xenon and/or krypton from the rising vapor to the reflux liquid. The process provides a recovery of xenon of greater than 90% and a krypton recovery of 15% to 90%.

A sulfuric acid recirculation loop and a standalone sulfuric acid concentrator including: a concentrator column, an air lift pump having a liquid inlet fed with concentrated sulfuric acid from the outlet of a sulfuric acid reservoir downstream the concentrator column, a gas inlet fed with a carrier fluid having a lower density than the concentrated sulfuric acid, and an outlet, wherein the sulfuric acid reservoir is located below the concentrator column and above the carrier fluid inlet of the air lift pump, a downcomer pipe leading down from the sulfuric acid reservoir to the liquid inlet of the air lift pump, and a riser pipe leading up from the carrier fluid inlet on the air lift pump to an inlet pipe for the concentrator column, the inlet pipe being configured for allowing a liquid flow from the inlet to the outlet.

A method and systems are provided for controlling degradation in a reboiler using a hydrophobic coating. A reboiler is provided that includes a steam shell and a plurality of tubes. The reboiler includes a low surface-energy coating on a surface of the plurality of tubes.

The present invention describes a process to isomerize industrial hemp derived Cannabidiol (CBD) to a pure Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC) extract. This procedure will produce Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol that is essentially free from any detectable levels of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). Included in this filing are methods and processes to scale the reaction from the lab to process to large scale manufacturing. Additionally, the resulting extract from said methods and processes consists of higher purity than previously reported in the art and greater efficiency compared to prior art.

Apparatus for treating liquids, includes •a vapour inlet (201); •a vessel (202) for housing liquid, the vessel being in fluid communication with the vapour inlet; and, •a vapour outlet (204); configured such that in use •vapour from the vapour inlet passes into liquid housed in the vessel; and •liquid from the vessel can interact with material housed in a chamber (203) in fluid communication with the vessel; •vapour from the liquid can pass to the vapour outlet. The apparatus can be used in distilling spirits in particular gin or rum.

The present invention describes a process to isomerize industrial hemp derived Cannabidiol (CBD) to a pure Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC) extract. This procedure will produce Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol that is essentially free from any detectable levels of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). Included in this filing are methods and processes to scale the reaction from the lab to process to large scale manufacturing. Additionally, the resulting extract from said methods and processes consists of higher purity than previously reported in the art and greater efficiency compared to prior art.

In a propane dehydrogenation (PDH) process, the purpose of the deethanizer and chilling train systems is to separate the cracked gas into a methane-rich tail gas product, a C2, and a C3 process stream. By the use of staged cooling, process-to-process inter-change against propane feed to the reactor and use of high efficiency heat exchangers and distributed distillation techniques, refrigeration power requirements are reduced and a simple and reliable design is provided by the process described herein.

A process for separating an alkylation product includes introducing a liquid phase alkylation product from an alkylation reaction unit into a first heat-exchanger directly or after being pressurized with a pressure pump and heat-exchanged with a vapor phase stream from the column top of a high-pressure fractionating column, then into a second heat-exchanger and subsequently into the high-pressure fractionating column. The vapor phase stream from the column top of the high-pressure fractionating column is heat-exchanged with the liquid phase alkylation product to be separated, a liquid phase stream from the column bottom of the high-pressure fractionating column is introduced into a low-pressure fractionating column and subjected to fractionation under a condition of 0.2 MPa-1.0 MPa, a low-carbon alkane is obtained from the column top of the low-pressure fractionating column, and a liquid phase stream obtained from the column bottom of the low-pressure fractionating column is an alkylation oil product.

A system and method removes thermal decomposition components from biphenyl and/or diphenyl oxide-based heat transfer fluids. Light, volatile decomposition components including benzene, water, hydrogen and phenol leave the system for vapor recovery, chemical adsorption or thermal decomposition. Dimerized and polymerized heavy components such as biphenyl phenyl ether, terphenyl and related isomers are concentrated and recovered. The system can be a continuous, semi-continuous or batch operation. Solar electric plants employing the system can use solar field fluids and heating to operate the system during generator operation hours. A wash system operating at or near atmospheric pressure concentrates heavy thermal decomposition components while allowing removal of light, volatile decomposition components for separation from the majority of the thermal fluid components. Temperature-controlled condensation of the majority of the thermal fluid components allows collection of the thermal fluid, while allowing light, volatile decomposition components to be removed prior to vent processing.

A distillation device including: a first distillation column having first top, bottom and upper outlets and first upper and lower inlets; a second distillation column equipped with a top condenser and a bottom reboiler, and having second top, bottom and upper outlets and second upper and lower inlets; a vapor recompressor; a heat exchanger; a first supply line supplying a feedstock to the first lower inlet; a first connection line transferring a first bottom flow to the second lower inlet via the heat exchanger; and a second connection line transferring a second top flow to the top condenser via the heat exchanger after passing through the vapor recompressor. The first bottom flow flowing through the first connection line and the second top flow flowing through the second connection line are heat-exchanged in the heat exchanger. A distillation method of a feedstock using the distillation device.