Deep desulfurization of hydrocarbon feeds containing undesired organosulfur compounds to produce a hydrocarbon product having low levels of sulfur, i.e., 15 ppmw or less of sulfur, is achieved by hydrotreating the feed under mild conditions, and separating the hydrotreated effluent into an aromatic-rich fraction which contains a substantial amount of the aromatic refractory and sterically hindered sulfur-containing compounds, and an aromatic-lean fraction. The aromatic-rich fraction is contacted with isomerization catalyst, and the isomerized aromatic-rich fraction is recycled to the mild hydrotreating process.

A method of forming a yellow grease is provided. The method includes delivering a FOG lipid extraction agent into a processing tank. The method further includes preheating an FOG to a temperature of between 35 C. and 95 C. The method further includes mixing the preheated waste grease with the FOG lipid extraction agent in the processing tank to form the yellow grease.

A solvent extraction system includes an elongated solvent extraction chamber having first and second ends, at least one first port for providing a continuous phase into the solvent extraction chamber and at least one second port for removing content from the solvent extraction chamber, a dispersed phase inlet in fluid communication with the first end of the solvent extraction chamber and a membrane having pores. Diameters of the pores are from 1 to 100 m and do not differ by more than 20%, and center-to-center distances between the pores are from 10 to 1000 m and do not differ more than 20%. The membrane is positioned at the first end of the solvent extraction chamber relative to the dispersed phase inlet such that a liquid provided into the solvent extraction chamber through the dispersed phase inlet must pass through the membrane.

A method and a device are disclosed for converting at least one reactant into a reaction product and separating the at least one reactant. The device includes a vessel with a vessel inner volume and a confinement, submerged in the vessel inner volume, that provides a confinement inner volume in fluid connection with the vessel inner volume. First and seconds fluids, with a respective, higher first density and a lower, second density form respective lower and upper phases in the vessel inner volume. A third fluid with a third density higher than that of the second fluid forms a lower layer in the confinement inner volume, relative to an upper layer formed by the second fluid. The third fluid may be the same as or different from, and is physically separated from, the first fluid. At least one of the first, second, and third fluids is at most partly miscible with the other two, but preferably immiscible. The at least one reactant and the reaction product have different affinities for at least two of the first, second, and third fluids, and at least one of the first and third fluid contains a fourth phase which is a solid or semi solid and is capable of promoting the conversion.

Sample purification systems include a particle extraction assembly having a mixing compartment and a settling compartment. A biological sample is mixed with two liquid phases formulated to effectuate transfer of a biological molecule into a first phase and particulate contaminants into a second phase. The first phase includes a solubilizing salt, the second phase includes an organic molecule, and the mixture can have little or no monoatomic salt or dextran. The molecule-containing first phase can be optionally concentrated without also concentrating the particulate contaminants and introduced into a multi-stage liquid-liquid extractor, by which the biological molecule or molecular contaminants are extracted from the first phase into a third phase, thereby purifying the molecule away from contaminants. The extracted sample can be further purified through a series of processing steps. The system can be run in continuously mode to maintain sterility of the sample.

This disclosure relates to an annular centrifugal extractor with Solid Separation Part to Separate Solid Particles Present in Solvent Extraction Fluid. In order to remove solid particles from the solution, a solid separation part/rotating bowl is attached to rotating bowl in such a way that solid particles settle inside the solid separation part. This solid separating centrifugal extractor contains two parts: (I) upper part which acts as a liquid-liquid separator to separate aqueous and organic solution used in solvent extraction operation and (II) bottom part which acts as a solid separator to separate solid particle present in solvent extraction liquids. The bottom rotating rotor is coupled with upper rotating rotor by threading arrangement. Both the rotating rotors are confined within a stationary cylinder. Dispersion with solid particles entering inside the rotating bowl is deflected towards the wall of the rotating cylinder by deflecting baffle by centrifugal sedimentation.