Compositions, methods, and kits for synthesizing, detecting, and/or quantifying nucleic acids are provided herein. Embodiments comprise a nucleic acid amplification composition comprising a thermostable DNA polymerase and agents which improve nucleic acid synthesis, amplification, detection, and/or quantification of nucleic acid targets in a crude extract or crude lysate sample.

An oxidation-reduction desulfurization system includes a reactor vessel with sour gas inlet at the bottom and a gas outlet at the top. A primary stage phase separator includes a vertically-oriented pipe with an inlet located inside the reactor vessel. The ratio of the reactor vessel diameter to the pipe inlet diameter is in a range of 2:1 to 5:1. Surface foam and non-gaseous multi-phase mixture including emulsion flow into a partially gas-filled upper section of the vertically-oriented pipe and freefall to a lower level, thereby facilitating mechanical breaking of the foam and the emulsion. A secondary stage phase separator connected to the gas outlet separates non-gaseous surge from sweet gas. Valves and a controller automatically maintain target levels of the non-gaseous multi-phase mixture and non-gaseous surge.

The present invention relates to the use of polyglycerol partial esters as defoamers, in particular in coating and paint applications, to defoamers comprising polyglycerol partial esters, and to corresponding polyglycerol partial esters.

The use of a composition for defoaming non-aqueous foams, the prevention of foam formation, and/or the deaeration of various feeds, wherein said nonaqueous foam comprises a non-aqueous phase and a gas, and wherein said composition comprises at least: i) a non-ionic surfactant, wherein said non-ionic surfactant has a molecular structure as shown in (I), R.sup.1—CH(R.sup.2)—CH.sub.2—O—(A′O).sub.m(A″O).sub.n—H wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having from 5 to 16 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is an alkyl group having from 5 to 16 carbon atoms, A′O is an ethoxy (EO) or a propoxy (PO) group, A″O is an ethoxy (EO) or a propoxy (PO) group, m=0-10, n=20-150, and ii) a solvent.

A method of managing foam in a gas processing system includes flowing a gas processing solution through a processing line and flowing an antifoaming agent through a treatment line into a mixed fluid line to form a fluid mixture, determining a foam level of the fluid mixture at a foam controller disposed along the mixed fluid line, automatically controlling a valve disposed along the treatment line to control a flow rate at which the antifoaming agent is flowed into the mixed fluid line to achieve a target dose of the antifoaming agent to be mixed with the gas processing solution in the mixed fluid line based on the foam level determined at the foam controller, and flowing the fluid mixture containing the target dose of the antifoaming agent into a system component to prevent an amount of the foam in the gas processing system from exceeding a threshold amount.

The present invention provides improved methods for purifying and/or removing oily particles, and/or contaminants suspended or dissolved in water. In particular the process relates to an additive composition that has the appropriate surfactant characteristics for effectively removing an oil phase from an oil/aqueous mixed phase via foam fractionation. According to the invention, a hydrophobically modified polymer that acts as an associative thickener is combined with surfactant in appropriate ratios to facilitate oil removal for water purification in any of a number of commercial, environmental and industrial applications.

Polyesters, such as those formed using polyols and di- or tri-carboxylic acids or anhydrides or salts thereof, are used as foam control agents in foodstuff processing. The polyesters are biodegradable and biocompatible while still providing excellent foam control capacity. In addition, polyesters foam control agents of the disclosure can be used with various apparatus while avoiding forming films that otherwise affect apparatus function. The polyesters can be used at various stages during industrial processing of vegetables (e.g., potatoes and beets) and fruits.

Rapid and long lasting defoaming is accomplished by use of a defoamer formulation employing an organopolysiloxane having siloxy groups linked by an alkylene group, a filler, a silicone resin, a silanol-terminated organopolysiloxane, and an inorganic or organic acid.

Rapid and long lasting defoaming is accomplished by use of a defoamer formulation employing an organopolysiloxane having siloxy groups linked by an alkylene group, a filler, a silicone resin, a silanol-terminated organopolysiloxane, and an inorganic or organic acid.

Defoamer compositions which act rapidly and over an extended period of time employ organopolysiloxanes having alkylene linking groups bridging siloxy groups, a filler, a silicone resin, and phosphoric acid.