A method of making a porous structure configured for use in a particulate filter includes bonding a plurality of glass bubbles to one another, and breaching the plurality of glass bubbles. Voids within individual breached glass bubbles open into one another to form cavities that extend through the porous structure.

A substrate for use in a filter media including, for example, in a hydrocarbon fluid-water separation filter; methods of identifying the substrate; methods of making the substrate; methods of using the substrate; and methods of improving the roll off angle of the substrate. In some embodiments, the substrate includes a hydrophilic group-containing polymer or a hydrophilic group-containing polymer coating.

A pillar shaped honeycomb structure includes: an outer peripheral wall; and porous partition walls disposed on an inner side of the outer peripheral wall, the partition walls defining a plurality of cells, each of the cells penetrating from one end face to other end face to form a flow path, wherein at least one cell of the cells has a magnetic substance coated with glass.

The present invention provides a member which makes is possible to obtain excellent residue defect inhibition properties and excellent bridge defect inhibition properties of a chemical liquid in a case where the member is brought into contact with the chemical liquid. The present invention also provides a container, a chemical liquid storage body, a reactor, a distillation column, a filter unit, a storage tank, a pipe line, and a chemical liquid manufacturing method. The member according to an embodiment of the present invention is a member that will be brought into contact with a chemical liquid. A surface of the member is constituted with stainless steel containing chromium atoms and iron atoms. In a case where an atomic ratio of the chromium atoms to the iron atoms is measured from the surface of the member to a position 10 nm below the surface in a depth direction, a maximum value of the atomic ratio is found in a region extending 3 nm from the surface of the member in the depth direction. The maximum value is 0.5 to 3.0, and an average surface roughness of the surface of the member is equal to or lower than 10 nm.

A filter medium is provided that comprises a nonwoven layer. The nonwoven layer comprises a sizing agent and a hydrophobic, stiffening binder resin. The nonwoven layer may be corrugated. A method producing a filter medium is also provided. The filter medium may be a fuel filter, oil filter, air filter, or an electric discharge filter. The filter medium, after corrugation, pleating, or embossing, avoids or minimizes water ingress, while still allowing the filter medium to maintain its structural and filtration properties.

An air filter medium including a porous fluorine resin membrane, the air filter medium further including a glass filter medium layer, wherein the glass filter medium layer and the porous fluorine resin membrane are placed in this order from upstream to downstream of the air filter medium configured to allow airflow to pass through the air filter medium. The porous fluorine resin membrane includes a plurality of nodes and a plurality of fibrils, and in an area distribution of the nodes, when an area of the node corresponding to a cumulative relative frequency of 95% from a smaller area is defined as S95, the porous fluorine resin membrane satisfies 2.0 m.sup.2S958.0 m.sup.2.

Filter media, filter arrangements and filters, such as air filters and pulse filters, are provided. A filter medium comprises a base web of cellulose fibers. The base web comprises a first and a second layer of cellulose fibers and a transition region between the first and the second layers. The cellulose fibers of the first layer and the cellulose fibers of the second layer are intertwined in the transition region. The the base web has a specific volume of from 4 m.sup.3/g to 9 m.sup.3/g. The first layer may comprise more cellulose fibers, expressed as mass of cellulose fibers per unit area, than the second layer.

In one aspect, a functionalized porous material includes a synthetic porous material, the synthetic porous material comprising a surface, wherein at least a portion of the synthetic porous material surface is a substrate; and a mixed-metal hydroxide, wherein the mixed-metal hydroxide is affixed to the substrate.