An impact test apparatus can be used to determine particle interfacial energies with varying relative air humidity. It was observed that capillary condensation increased the adhesive forces of hydrophilic materials. A systems humidity separation window was identified and the differences in interfacial energy for a hydrophilic surface and for a hydrophobic surface can be exploited in order to achieve the separation of particles. Separation and concentration of particles, particularly particles within a mineral ore body, can be obtained.

An impact test apparatus can be used to determine particle interfacial energies with varying relative air humidity. It was observed that capillary condensation increased the adhesive forces of hydrophilic materials. A systems humidity separation window was identified and the differences in interfacial energy for a hydrophilic surface and for a hydrophobic surface can be exploited in order to achieve the separation of particles. Separation and concentration of particles, particularly particles within a mineral ore body, can be obtained.

A method of providing a virus and other pathogen protection for a person comprising providing a mask in which incoming air must pass across multiple surfaces constructed of multiple layers of a sticky material with a circuitous path to capture any airborne viruses and other pathogens irrespective of their size with the outgoing air taking a different path than the incoming air to prevent breathing moisture from interfering with the sticky capture and including a mouthpiece to prevent mask leakages.

A method of providing a virus and other pathogen protection for a person comprising providing a mask in which incoming air must pass across multiple surfaces constructed of multiple layers of a sticky material with a circuitous path to capture any airborne viruses and other pathogens irrespective of their size with the outgoing air taking a different path than the incoming air to prevent breathing moisture from interfering with the sticky capture and including a mouthpiece to prevent mask leakages.

An air treatment apparatus includes: a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between a fluid flowing through a first flow path and air flowing through a second flow path; and a first dust collector disposed upstream of the heat exchanger in a flow of the air and that collects a substance contained in the air flowing to the heat exchanger. The first dust collector has: a surface over which water flows, or a surface on which water is retained.

An air treatment apparatus includes: a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between a fluid flowing through a first flow path and air flowing through a second flow path; and a first dust collector disposed upstream of the heat exchanger in a flow of the air and that collects a substance contained in the air flowing to the heat exchanger. The first dust collector has: a surface over which water flows, or a surface on which water is retained.

Provided are a chevron vane that traps and removes droplets contained in steam and a moisture separator including the same. The chevron vane for trapping and removing droplets contained in steam includes a main frame group including multiple main frames arranged in a flow direction of steam and pivotably connected to each other, and a collection vane group mounted on the main frame group and including multiple collection vanes for trapping droplets contained in the steam.

A system for removing fine particulate matter from an aerosol, which, using a fine particulate matter capture device (1) comprising sheet members (2) parallel to each other and an interferent (3) between the sheet members, causes the aerosol to form a turbulent flow in passages between the sheet members (2), settles fine particulate matter in the aerosol on the outer surfaces of the sheet members under the action of turbulent fluctuation, thermophoretic force and/or vapor pressure gradient force, and meanwhile forms a water film on the outer surfaces of the sheet members (2) to prevent settled particulate matter from being carried away again by an air flow. The system is able to effectively remove fine particulate matter from an aerosol, especially sub-micron particulate matter, and significantly reduce the number concentration thereof.

A system for removing fine particulate matter from an aerosol, which, using a fine particulate matter capture device (1) comprising sheet members (2) parallel to each other and an interferent (3) between the sheet members, causes the aerosol to form a turbulent flow in passages between the sheet members (2), settles fine particulate matter in the aerosol on the outer surfaces of the sheet members under the action of turbulent fluctuation, thermophoretic force and/or vapor pressure gradient force, and meanwhile forms a water film on the outer surfaces of the sheet members (2) to prevent settled particulate matter from being carried away again by an air flow. The system is able to effectively remove fine particulate matter from an aerosol, especially sub-micron particulate matter, and significantly reduce the number concentration thereof.

Thermal treatment techniques for recycling are generally very clean but their byproducts include a fine ash that may become entrained in the exhaust air plume as smoke. We therefore disclose a materials recycling apparatus comprising a heat treatment chamber for processing the material at an elevated temperature, the chamber having a vent leading via a heat exchanger to a scrubber comprising a disrupted flow path, at least one spray nozzle directed towards the disrupted flow path, and a supply of liquid (ideally water with a little detergent) to the or each spray nozzle. In this way, the entrained ash can be efficiently removed from the air flow, allowing it to be vented, and the captured ash disposed of via a waste water outlet together with the ash washed from the chamber. The flow path can be disrupted by at least one baffle plate, ideally with the spray nozzle located ahead of the baffle plate(s). Thermal treatment techniques for recycling are generally very clean but their byproducts include a fine ash that may become entrained in the exhaust air plume as smoke. We therefore disclose a materials recycling apparatus comprising a heat treatment chamber for processing the material at an elevated temperature, the chamber having a vent leading via a heat exchanger to a scrubber comprising a disrupted flow path, at least one spray nozzle directed towards the disrupted flow path, and a supply of liquid (ideally water with a little detergent) to the or each spray nozzle. In this way, the entrained ash can be efficiently removed from the air flow, allowing it to be vented, and the captured ash disposed of via a waste water outlet together with the ash washed from the chamber. The flow path can be disrupted by at least one baffle plate, ideally with the spray nozzle located ahead of the baffle plate(s).