Particulate accumulation in a particulate filter in the exhaust line of an engine is calculated by an electronic engine control unit. When the estimated accumulated particulate mass exceeds a predetermined threshold, an automatic regeneration step of the filter is activated. An actual instantaneous burned particulate mass is calculated as a function of values indicative of the state of the filter. A temporary correction factor representing an error between a theoretical value and the actual value is calculated. The temporary correction factor is stored in a second map of correction factors, based on the engine operating conditions. During an accumulation step, the estimated instantaneous particulate mass, calculated according to the first map based on the operating conditions of the engine, is multiplied by a correction factor calculated according to the second map based on the operating conditions of the engine.

The inventive concepts provide apparatuses for transferring a substrate and/or apparatuses for processing a substrate including the same. The substrate transferring apparatus including a chamber, a filter assembly disposed in a chamber to provide external air into the chamber, and an additional assembly including a moisture removing part and a purge gas providing part sequentially stacked on the filter assembly may be provided. The filter assembly may be coupled to the additional assembly.

A system and a method for managing an air quality, and an analysis server are provided. The system for managing an air quality includes an air cleaner for measuring the quality of ambient air, transmitting air quality measurement data, and controlling at least one of an air cleaning function, a dehumidification function, and a humidification function on the basis of a received solution; and an analysis server for analyzing the air quality measurement data, received from the air cleaner, to derive an air quality type and providing, to the air cleaner, the predefined solution, according to the derived air quality type.

An air purifying device for a front opening unified pod (FOUP) carrying silicon wafers includes an air supply assembly and an air discharging assembly. The air supply assembly can be triggered by a signal to supply purified air to the FOUP. The air discharging assembly discharges air from the FOUP when the air supply assembly begins to supply the FOUP with purified air and detects a humidity and a temperature of the discharged air. The detected humidity and the detected temperature correspond to a relative humidity of the discharged air. When the relative humidity is equal to a preset relative humidity, the air supply assembly is stopped and the air discharging assembly is stopped.

A monitoring clip to be secured to the edge of a filter cartridge includes a channel connecting both sides of the filter through which air will flow in response to the filter becoming clogged. Air flow within the channel will eventually be strong enough to pivotally move a flow vane. Controlling circuitry is used to detect the angular movement of the flow vane. When the flow vane moves to a triggering position, it is determined that the filter is clogged and requires replacement. Controlling circuitry will sound and illuminate a local alarm, and send a signal by Bluetooth or WiFi, to a smartphone. Although a clip format is preferred, the measuring and controlling circuitry of the monitoring clip can be also built into new filters.

An air quality system includes an air precleaner, a filter identification component, and a control module. The air precleaner has a precleaner housing and a filter disposed inside the precleaner housing. The filter identification component is positioned within the precleaner housing at a first position and is mounted on the filter. The control module is positioned within the precleaner housing at a second position and is configured to emit an electrical field and communicate with the filter identification component via the emitted electrical field.

An HVAC system is provided for a motor vehicle. That HVAC system includes a heater plenum, a fresh air inlet, an odor absorbent and a regeneration blower assembly that is connected between the heater plenum and the fresh air inlet. The HVAC system further includes a controller configured to regenerate the odor absorbent when an ignition system of the motor vehicle is switched off and a coolant temperature of the motor vehicle exceeds a predetermined coolant temperature required for odor absorbent regeneration.

An outdoor air cleaning system includes a partition surrounding a purification space to isolate the purification space from an external space and having at least one opening connecting the purification space to the external space, an air purifying device configured to supply purified air to the purification space, and a controller configured to control the air purifying device. An openness level defined as an area ratio of the opening with respect to a surface area of the partition is about 10% or more and about 50% or less.

The inventive concepts provide apparatuses for transferring a substrate and/or apparatuses for processing a substrate including the same. The substrate transferring apparatus including a chamber, a filter assembly disposed in a chamber to provide external air into the chamber, and an additional assembly including a moisture removing part and a purge gas providing part sequentially stacked on the filter assembly may be provided. The filter assembly may be coupled to the additional assembly.

A natural gas processing system is mounted on at least one mobile platform that is transported to a natural gas source, such as a well. A liquid removal tank separates liquid contaminants from the gas. A particulate filter removes particulates from the gas. A membrane separates the natural gas into a retentate gas and a permeate gas. A gas compressor is selectively connected either upstream of the membrane or downstream of the membrane. For low pressure source gas, the upstream connection will compress the natural gas before entering the membrane. For high pressure source gas, the downstream connection will compress the natural gas after exiting the membrane. An electrical generator and an air compressor are provided. A process control is connected to all the valves in the system, all instruments, the gas compressor, the electrical generator, and the air compressor. The process control monitors and controls the natural gas processing system.