A multistage desalination process for treatment of seawater or salt wastewater. During initially processing the seawater or salt wastewater is treated to precipitate scaling minerals as phosphates including magnesium ammonium phosphate useful as a fertilizer. During the initial phase, ammonium phosphate and sodium phosphate are added to the seawater or salt wastewater followed by an addition of ammonia and a water-based charged solvent. After separating the precipitated solids, the cleaned seawater or salt wastewater is aerated and filtered to produce potable or otherwise usable water.

[Object]

To provide an isolation and purification method for isolating and purifying extracellular vesicles.

[Solution]

An isolation and purification method of extracellular vesicles is disclosed. A hollow fiber membrane has an inner diameter of 0.2 mm to 1.4 mm and a molecular weight cut-off of 100000 to 1000000. Filtering includes a first filtration process of press-fitting the culture supernatant of the mesenchymal stem cells from a first opening on one end side of the hollow fiber membrane and filtering the culture supernatant to separate the culture supernatant into a permeate and a first concentrate, and a second filtration process of press-fitting the first concentrate from a second opening on the other end side of the hollow fiber membrane and filtering the first concentrate to separate the first concentrate into a permeate and a second concentrate. A concentrate is produced in which a concentration of the extracellular vesicles is increased by alternating tangential flow filtration in which the first filtration process and the second filtration process are alternately performed a plurality of times. A membrane surface velocity in the first filtration process and the second filtration process is 0.3 m/sec to 2 m/sec.

A multistage desalination process for treatment of seawater or salt wastewater. During initially processing the seawater or salt wastewater is treated to precipitate scaling minerals as phosphates including magnesium ammonium phosphate useful as a fertilizer. During the initial phase, ammonium phosphate and sodium phosphate are added to the seawater or salt wastewater followed by an addition of ammonia and a water-based charged solvent. After separating the precipitated solids, the cleaned seawater or salt wastewater is aerated and filtered to produce potable or otherwise usable water.

Methods, systems and apparatuses for treating operating aluminum desmutting solutions by reacting, mixing and filtering a partial desmutting solution flow are disclosed.

A panicle separation multi-membrane matrix device and method are provided. The particles isolated may comprise noun-scale particles, such extracellular membrane vesicles, having a size of about 50 to about 150 nm. The vesicles are released by many different cell types, and may be efficiently isolated at high yield and purity according to the present methods from various body fluids (e.g., blood, saliva, breast milk, serum, plasma, ascites fluid, etc.). Such isolated exosome preparations may include biomarkers, such as disease biomarkers (diagnostic markers) for various disease (early stage and late stage cancers, neurological disorders (Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease), diabetes, pancreatic diseases, renal failure, infectious diseases (HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, hepatitis)). The present methods and devices may be used to detect and monitor animals (human, live-stock, companion animal) for infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis and other diseases. The methods and devices require minimal sample material (10 ?l), are rapid, economical, yield highly enriched small molecule (e.g., exosoines) preparations, and do not require electricity.

The present invention is in the field of a high volume breeding and life cycle synchronization system for nematodes and a method for breeding such nematodes. An example of a nematode is Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). C. Elegans is a small, free-living soil nematode (roundworm) that lives in many parts of the world. It feeds mainly on microbes, primarily bacteria. C. Elegans is considered and used as an important model system for biological research in many fields including genomics, cell biology neuroscience and aging.

The invention relates to a device, a method, and a kit for separating particles of different sizes in a liquid. The invention additionally relates to applications of the device. The device and the method involve the capability of binding particles to solid phase particles with different diameters in a liquid, whereby the hydrodynamic diameter of the solid-phase particles determines whether the particles can pass through pores of a filter element, the diameter of said pores being modifiable in a controlled manner (e.g., the diameter can be increased or decreased). Thus, particles of equal size (e.g., B-cells and T-cells) of a liquid can be separated from one another with a high degree of separation efficiency, wherein the particles can be separated simply, quickly, and inexpensively. High yields can be produced, and the particles can be provided in a therapeutically applicable liquid.

The invention provides water treatment for a municipal wastewater source by removal of contaminants including nutrient contaminants, FOG, total suspended solids, pathogenic bacteria, viruses and metal contaminates. Pathogenic bacteria and viruses are removed without the use of chlorine contact, ultraviolet treatment or reverse osmosis treatment. The treatment steps may include: oxygenation by single cell algae, electrocoagulation, precipitation of solids, absorption and flocculation, de-aeration, metered amounts of an anionic or cationic flocculant added for further coagulation and precipitation of coagulated material; mixing and subsequent clarification; sand filtration; and removal of remaining contaminants by containers housing microporous media beds or ion-exchange beds. The treatment steps may be used in various combinations and sub-combinations in order to focus treatment on prevalent contaminants in the wastewater to be treated. The invention further includes embodiments of the media bed containers and a non-transitory computer-readable medium to execute a method for conducting treatment of a wastewater stream.

Embodiments of the present application relate to batches of bupivacaine multivesicular liposomes (MVLs) prepared by a commercial manufacturing process using independently operating dual tangential flow filtration modules.

A manifolded 3-stage water filtration system includes a deep sand filter assembly, a hydro-cyclone, and a filter and valve manifold assembly fluidly coupled together. The filter and valve manifold assembly includes a pre-filter fluidly coupled with the hydro-cyclone, a first hollow membrane filter fluidly coupled with the pre-filter, a second hollow membrane filter fluidly coupled with the pre-filter and the first hollow membrane filter, and a backwash system. The backwash system includes valves fluidly coupled with pipe sections, the pre-filter, and the first and second hollow membrane filters. Selected valves are closable so that clean water flows from one of the first and the second hollow membrane filters to the other of the first and second hollow membrane filters. Material occluding the other of the first hollow membrane filter and the second hollow membrane filter is removed by the clean water without adding contaminants to the filter.