A bipolar electrodialysis (BPED) cell is able to bipolar convert salt solutions into acid and base solutions. However, protons migrate through the anion exchange membranes and tend to neutralize the base solution. In a bipolar electrodialysis system described herein, multiple BPED cells are arranged to provide a multi-stage treatment system. Up to half, or up to one third, of the stages have cells with acid block anion membranes. The one or more stages with acid block anion membranes are located at the acid product output end of the system, where the acid concentration in the system is the highest. Replacing the traditional anion membranes in some of the stages with acid block anion membranes allows higher concentration products to be produced with moderate increase in energy consumption.

A membrane stacking unit for a humidifier for a vehicle powered by fuel cells is disclosed. The membrane stacking unit includes a cuboid membrane stack with a plurality of flexible membranes stacked in a stacking direction, with four side faces through which air can flow and two end faces through which air cannot flow. Two sealing frames are assigned to two opposing side faces of the membrane stack. The respective sealing frame has a circumferential sealing region and a circumferential region projecting vertically. The respective sealing frame has a recess that is filled with an adhesive for sealing to the membrane stack.

The invention relates to an electrodialysis device for the desalination of water for oil and gas applications comprising: a membrane stack comprising alternating cation- and anion-exchange membranes (2.1, 2.3) and a plurality of spacers (2.2, 2.4), each spacer being arranged between two successive membranes; wherein at least one of the spacers (2.2, 2.4) comprises a recessed area (3.2) and a non-recessed area (3.3), a central opening (3.1) within the recessed area (3.2); the spacer (2.2, 2.4) is provided with at least four orifices (3.4, 3.5) within the non-recessed area (3.3); and with respective channels (3.6) which connect at least two of the orifices (3.4) with the central opening (3.1); and one membrane (2.1, 2.3) is accommodated in the recessed area (3.2). The invention also relates to a water desalination process using the electrodialysis device mentioned above.

A membrane assembly for a humidification device of a fuel cell system may include a membrane. The membrane may be permeable to water and impermeable to air. The membrane may extend in a flat form in a longitudinal direction and in a transverse direction that is transverse with respect to the longitudinal direction in an extent plane. The membrane may include in a height direction extending transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction and transversely with respect to the transverse direction a top side and a bottom side averted from the top side. The membrane may include an encircling outer margin in the extent plane. The outer margin may have an upper edge at the top side and a lower edge at the bottom side, between which an encircling face surface extends.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an article comprising a membrane. In some embodiments, the membrane comprises a first surface. In some embodiments, the first surface of the membrane comprises an inner region and an outer region. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer is disposed on the outer region. In some embodiments, the article exhibits a water entry pressure that is 25% to 50% higher than a comparative article when tested according to the Assembly Water Entry Pressure Test (Assembly WEP Test). In some embodiments, the comparative article is identical to the article except that the inner region of the first surface of the membrane of the article has a perimeter that is 10% to 75% higher than a perimeter of an inner region of a first surface of a membrane of the comparative article.

A water desalination system including a sweeping gas membrane distillation (SGMD) unit in integration with a Jet Impingement Condenser (JIC) unit. The SGMD unit includes a water heater and a water pump connected through an inlet and an outlet to a semi-permeable membrane placed inside a distillation unit. The SGMD unit further includes an air compressor coupled to a humidity sensor, a pressure gauge, a temperature probe, and a flow meter. The JIC unit includes an air accumulation enclosure with an inlet, an air compressor outlet, and a coolant. The JIC unit further includes a perforated plate, and a condenser surface in contact with a sweeping gas inlet. The water desalination system further includes a power unit connected to the water heater and the coolant.

The invention concerns a filtration device comprising a manifold providing fluid connection and mechanical connection comprising a clamping plate movably mounted relative to the manifold and adapted to compress at least one cassette against the manifold, means for driving and guiding the clamping plate comprising a rod extending between the manifold and the plate, an actuator provided with a body and a member moveable relative to the body, which member is adapted to move through a predetermined travel between an extended position and a retracted position, the body being carried by the manifold, and the member carrying the rod and driving the plate via the rod to a clamped position in which the member is in an intermediate retracted position in which it has moved through a shorter travel than the predetermined travel relative to its extended position.

A method of manufacturing an atomizing body for an atomizing device includes the steps of providing a support element having a first layer on a first surface of the support element and a second layer on a second surface of the support element, the first layer including a first perforated membrane and the second layer including a process orifice, etching a cavity through the support element, the cavity forming a fluid connection from the process orifice to the perforated membrane, by providing etching substance to the process orifice. The atomizing body as obtained may advantageously be applied in an atomizing device or an inhaler.

The invention generally relates to osmotically driven membrane systems and processes and more particularly to systems and processes for handling feed streams without pretreatment and increased brine concentration for zero liquid discharge, including forward osmosis separation (FO), direct osmotic concentration (DOC), pressure-assisted forward osmosis (PAFO), and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO). The system includes: a plurality of forward osmosis units, each having a semi-permeable membrane assembly and a tank; and a separation system in fluid communication with the plurality of forward osmosis units and configured to separate the dilute draw solution into the concentrated draw solution and a solvent system.

A novel embodiment of a Filtration Unit with cleanable permeate side, formed by an internally channeled flat filter plate (1) formed by bonding of two flat half filter plates (2, 3), the filter effect formed by perforation slits or holes (10) in the surface of the plates, said perforations connecting to channels (9) inside the plate. The channels inside the plates are for permeate leading to two or more paired exits (4, 5) perpendicular to the plate, the plate exits forming exit channels for permeate to exit the Filtration Unit. The paired exits makes it possible to clean the permeate site of the Filtration Unit by flushing cleaning media from one exit (4 or 5) to the other exit (4 or 5). The filter area surface (6) can be covered by bonding a fine filter (7), typically an organic flat sheet membrane, to the filter surface, whereby very fine micro or ultra filtration or even molecular filtration can be achieved.