A repair method for a separation membrane including a step of applying a colloidal solution to a surface of a separation membrane formed on a support. The colloidal solution has a predetermined pH. In colloidal solution, repair material particles are dispersed in an aqueous solvent. The repair material particles have an electrical charge that is opposite to an electrical charge of the support at the predetermined pH.

Two-dimensional material based filters, their method of manufacture, and their use are disclosed. In one embodiment, a membrane may include an active layer including a plurality of defects and a deposited material associated with the plurality of defects may reduce flow therethrough. Additionally, a majority of the active layer may be free from the material. In another embodiment, a membrane may include a porous substrate and an atomic layer deposited material disposed on a surface of the porous substrate. The atomic layer deposited material may be less hydrophilic than the porous substrate and an atomically thin active layer may be disposed on the atomic layer deposited material.

Provided are a ceramic separation membrane structure improved in separation performance with no reduction in permeability, and a method for producing the structure. The ceramic separation membrane structure includes a ceramic porous body, a zeolite separation membrane disposed on the ceramic porous body, and a repair portion made of a repairing material of organic-inorganic hybrid silica. The organic-inorganic hybrid silica is a combination of an organic component and a silicon-containing inorganic component.

Two-dimensional material based filters, their method of manufacture, and their use are disclosed. In one embodiment, a membrane may include an active layer including a plurality of defects and a deposited material associated with the plurality of defects may reduce flow therethrough. Additionally, a majority of the active layer may be free from the material. In another embodiment, a membrane may include a porous substrate and an atomic layer deposited material disposed on a surface of the porous substrate. The atomic layer deposited material may be less hydrophilic than the porous substrate and an atomically thin active layer may be disposed on the atomic layer deposited material.

A self-healing composite membrane includes a continuous ionomer phase in which is dispersed a plurality of hollow fibers and/or microcapsules each containing a liquid healing agent that includes a dispersion or solution of a healing ionomer in a liquid vehicle. Electrochemical devices employing the self-healing composite membranes are provided.

A hydrogen-selective membrane including a metal leaf applied to a substrate. A system and method for fabricating a hydrogen-selective membrane, including applying a metal leaf to a substrate, annealing the metal leaf, applying a hydrogen-permeable metal to the annealed metal leaf on the substrate, and annealing the hydrogen-permeable metal and the annealed metal leaf to give an alloy of the hydrogen-permeable metal and the metal leaf. A system and method for repairing a hydrogen-selective membrane having defects including applying a metal leaf to an external surface of membrane material of the hydrogen-selective membrane, annealing the metal leaf and metal of the membrane material to form an alloy of the metal leaf and the metal to repair the defects.

A method of making a gas separation membrane by providing a plating vessel with a volume of plating solution of gas-selective metal ions into which is placed a porous support. The plating solution is circulated over a surface of the porous support while maintaining conditions within the plating vessel so as to promote the electroless deposition. The circulation rate of the plating solution is such as to enhance the metal deposition onto the surface of the porous support in the formation of the gas separation membrane.

An in-situ repair method for the surface of polyamide (PA) membrane after the destruction of oxidizing substances is provided. Lysozyme solution is mixed with tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP) buffer solution, and the PA membrane to be repaired is immersed in the mixed solution, after being taken out, the PA membrane to be repaired is rinsed, and the nano-protein coating with uniform changes in pore size, charge density and thickness is obtained on the surface of the PA membrane to be repaired. Then the amine solution modification is used, the surface of the nano-protein coating is grafted by amines, and the repaired PA membrane is obtained. The PA membrane to be repaired is immersed in a mixed solution for 1-24 h. The PA membrane repaired by nano-coating has a water permeability of 11.4 Lm.sup.2L.sup.1bar.sup.1 (LMH/bar) and a rejection rate of 98.5% to magnesium chloride for the nanofiltration (NF) membrane after strong chlorine destruction.

A covering state of a coating layer containing a silicone compound on an inner surface of hollow fiber membranes is evaluated by dissolving the silicone compound and a dyeing agent in an organic solvent and causing the coating solution to pass through the hollow fiber membranes. The covering state of the silicone compound or a crosslinked product is determined by observing a dyed state of a hollow fiber membrane end surface on a coating solution passing start side and a dyed state of a hollow fiber membrane end surface on a coating solution passing end side of the hollow fiber membrane on which the coating layer is formed.