The present disclosure provides a flat-sheet polyamide membrane comprising a first major surface and a second major surface and a separation layer and a porous substructure in the cross section of the membrane between the first major and the second major surface, wherein the average pore size diameter in the separation layer is smaller than the average pore size diameters on the first and second major surfaces, wherein the average pore size diameter on the first major surface is larger than the average pore size diameter on the second major surface, wherein the separation layer is closer to the second major surface than to the first major surface. The present disclosure further provides a method for producing such membranes and a use of the membranes for nanofiltration or ultrafiltration purposes.

The present invention provides a composite separation membrane having a separation layer formed of SPAE on the surface of a porous support membrane wherein the porous support membrane and a coat of SPAE are firmly adhered with each other so that separation property and water permeation property continue for a long period. The present invention is a composite separation membrane having a separation layer on the surface of a porous support membrane, characterized in that said porous support membrane contains 50% by mass or more of polyphenylene ether, and that said separation layer is formed of a sulfonated polyarylene ether copolymer constituted from a repeating structure of a specific hydrophobic segment and a specific hydrophilic segment. The composite separation membrane of the present invention is suitable as a liquid treating membrane such as a nanofiltration membrane and a reverse osmosis membrane.

A system for degassing a hydrocarbon fluid from a hydrocarbon liquid has a plurality of hollow tube membranes. The hollow tube membranes are formed of a plastic providing an inner support body and an outer selective layer which is denser than the inner support body. The inner support body is formed of spherulitic structures. A fuel supply system and a method are also disclosed.

A method of preparing a hybrid membrane, the method including: evenly mixing a granular material and a dispersant, to yield a dispersion solution; evenly mixing a polymer and an organic solvent, to yield a matrix solution; adding the matrix solution to the dispersion solution to yield a mixed solution; heating the mixed solution to remove the dispersant, to yield a casting solution; and coating the casting solution on a substrate, followed by removal of the organic solvent, to yield a hybrid membrane.

A peak intensity of a (110) plane is greater than or equal to 2.5 times a peak intensity of a (004) plane in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by irradiation of X-rays to a membrane surface of the AFX membrane.

The present disclosure provides an acryloyloxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (AC-PDMS)-based thin-film composite (TFC) membrane, and a preparation method and use thereof. In the preparation method, a simple ultraviolet (UV)-induced monomer polymerization strategy based on high UV reactivity among acryloyloxy groups is adopted to prepare the AC-PDMS-based TFC membrane. The high UV reactivity among AC-PDMS monomers can induce the rapid curing of a casting solution to enable the formation of an ultra-thin selective layer and the inhibition of pore penetration for a substrate. By optimizing a UV wavelength, an irradiation time, and a polymer concentration, the prepared AC-PDMS-based TFC membrane has a CO.sub.2 penetration rate of 9,635 GPU and a CO.sub.2/N.sub.2 selectivity of 11.5. The UV-induced monomer polymerization strategy based on material properties provides a novel efficient strategy for preparing an ultra-thin PDMS-based membrane, which can be used for molecular separation.

The present invention provides a porous hollow fiber membrane that has both high strength and high pure water permeability, and that exhibits excellent thermal deformation resistance. The present invention is related to a porous hollow fiber membrane containing a fluororesin-based polymer, and a manufacturing method of the membrane comprises a drawing step and a relaxing step. The porous hollow fiber membrane is characterized in that: the molecular chain of the polymer is oriented in the longitudinal direction of the hollow fiber membrane; and at the same time internal distortion of oriented non-crystalline chains, which is disadvantageous in terms of entropy, is alleviated.

The invention provides methods for preparing a polymer-grafted and functionalized nonwoven membrane adapted for use in separation processes. The invention further provides so-formed membranes as well as improved separation methods utilizing the membranes. The polymer-grafted and functionalized nonwoven membranes are particularly formed utilizing thermal grafting. In particular, an acrylate or methacrylate polymer can be grafted onto a nonwoven web comprising a plurality of polymeric fibers to form a plurality of polymer segments covalently attached to the polymeric fibers. Thermal grafting particularly can comprise using a thermal initiator and exposing the nonwoven web to heat to initiate polymerization of the acrylate or methacrylate monomer. The grafted polymeric fibers can be functionalized to attach at least one functional group adapted for binding to a target molecule to the polymer segments of the grafted polymeric fibers.

A hollow fibre membrane having a coiled, a hemihelix, a helical or an undulated native form, in which the membrane can be stretched by up to 4-times its original length with no plastic deformation, and wherein the native form of the membrane is produced by the asymmetric flow of liquid polymer through an opening of a die or nozzle.

A water filter media includes a pathogen-killing ply made of an electrospun high temperature thermoplastic elastomer impregnated with biocides on a structural scrim layer, and a pathogen-catching ply made of pathogen-catching materials. The pathogen-killing ply and the pathogen-catching ply are thermally bonded to each other in the media.