The present invention relates to water treatment process using pyrophylite ceramic membrane which purifies contaminant from wastewater by applying the pyrophylite ceramic membrane with immersion type, more particularly, in the water treatment process using the pyrophylite ceramic membrane including pyrophylite with 80 weight and alumina with 20 weight, characterized that comprises a S-1 step which pyrophylite ceramic membrane 10 is embedded and raw water is supplied to a reactor 100 blocked from outside, a S-2 step which obtains permenate water by operating suction pump 130 connected with the pyrophylite ceramic membrane 10, a S-3 step which recovers gas generated from the reactor 100 and a S-4 step which circulates part of gas generated from the reactor 100 to the reactor 100.

Provided herein are methods for making a freeze-cast material having a internal structure, the methods comprising steps of: determining the internal structure of the material, the internal structure having a plurality of pores, wherein: each of the plurality of pores has directionality; and the step of determining comprises: selecting a temperature gradient and a freezing front velocity to obtain the determined internal structure based on the selected temperature gradient and the selected freezing front velocity; directionally freezing a liquid formulation to form a frozen solid, the step of directionally freezing comprising: controlling the temperature gradient and the freezing front velocity to match the selected temperature gradient and the selected freezing front velocity during directionally freezing; wherein the liquid formulation comprises at least one solvent and at least one dispersed species; and subliming the at least one solvent out of the frozen solid to form the material.

A method for preparing a support of a molecular sieve membrane is provided and relates to a technical field of support preparation, including steps of: according to a molar ratio of magnesium, aluminum and silicon in cordierite, preparing a nanometer composite sol of magnesium, aluminum, silicon and lanthanum serving as a sintering aid through a sol-gel method, enveloping and bonding the sol on a surface of dispersed nano-sized cordierite powders, and transforming the sol into nanometer composite oxides through presintering; mixing the cordierite powders, a binder and water, forming mud, extruding the mud, forming the mud into a green body, and sintering the green body into a cordierite support; coating a layer of film on the cordierite support with an aqueous dispersant of zirconia, then sintering, and obtaining a support of a molecular sieve membrane, composited by a cordierite main support layer and a zirconia film layer.

A filter for the filtration of a fluid includes or is composed of a support element made of a porous ceramic material, the element exhibiting a tubular or parallelepipedal shape including, in its internal portion, a set of adjacent channels separated from one another by walls of the porous inorganic material, in which at least a portion of the channels and/or the external surface are covered with a porous separating membrane layer for contacting the fluid to be filtered circulating in the channels and making possible the tangential or frontal filtration of the fluid. The layer is made of a material including a mixture of silicon carbide and of at least one compound chosen from silicon nitride or silicon oxynitride, the content by weight of elemental nitrogen, with respect to the content by weight of SiC in the material constituting the porous separating membrane layer, is between 0.02 and 0.15.

A base material utilized for supporting a separation membrane includes a plurality of coarse particles each being a ceramic particle having a particle diameter of greater than or equal to 30 m and a plurality of fine particles each being a ceramic particle having a particle diameter of greater than or equal to 1 m and less than 30 m. The ratio of the number of coarse particles to the number of fine particles (i.e., coarse particle ratio) is higher than or equal to 0.05 and lower than or equal to 0.3. The coarse particles have an average aspect ratio of higher than or equal to 1.5 and lower than or equal to 2.

A process for making an iron oxide impregnated carbon nanotube membrane. In this template-free and binder-free process, iron oxide nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed onto the surface of carbon nanotubes by wet impregnation. The amount of iron oxide nanoparticles loaded on the carbon nanotubes range from 0.25-80% by weight per total weight of the doped carbon nanotubes. The iron oxide doped carbon nanotubes are then pressed to forma carbon nanotube disc which is then sintered at high temperatures to form a mixed matrix membrane of iron oxide nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed across a carbon nanotube matrix. Methods of characterizing porosity, hydrophilicity and fouling potential of the carbon nanotube membrane are also described.

A process for making an iron oxide impregnated carbon nanotube membrane. In this template-free and binder-free process, iron oxide nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed onto the surface of carbon nanotubes by wet impregnation. The amount of iron oxide nanoparticles loaded on the carbon nanotubes range from 0.25-80% by weight per total weight of the doped carbon nanotubes. The iron oxide doped carbon nanotubes are then pressed to form a carbon nanotube disc which is then sintered at high temperatures to form a mixed matrix membrane of iron oxide nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed across a carbon nanotube matrix. Methods of characterizing porosity, hydrophilicity and fouling potential of the carbon nanotube membrane are also described.

A process for making an iron oxide impregnated carbon nanotube membrane. In this template-free and binder-free process, iron oxide nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed onto the surface of carbon nanotubes by wet impregnation. The amount of iron oxide nanoparticles loaded on the carbon nanotubes range from 0.25-80% by weight per total weight of the doped carbon nanotubes. The iron oxide doped carbon nanotubes are then pressed to form a carbon nanotube disc which is then sintered at high temperatures to form a mixed matrix membrane of iron oxide nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed across a carbon nanotube matrix. Methods of characterizing porosity, hydrophilicity and fouling potential of the carbon nanotube membrane are also described.

A hydrogen permeation membrane is provided that can include a metal and a ceramic material mixed together. The metal can be Ni, Zr, Nb, Ta, Y, Pd, Fe, Cr, Co, V, or combinations thereof, and the ceramic material can have the formula: BaZr.sub.1-x-yY.sub.xT.sub.yO.sub.3- where 0x0.5, 0y0.5, (x+y)>0; 00.5, and T is Sc, Ti, Nb, Ta, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, In, Sn, or combinations thereof. A method of forming such a membrane is also provided. A method is also provided for extracting hydrogen from a feed stream.

The subject of the invention is a membrane for the cross-flow filtration of a fluid to be treated that contains abrasive particles, comprising a porous support covered over part of its surface with a separation layer having a pore diameter smaller than that of the support, over which the fluid to be treated flows, characterized in that the separation layer includes an agent for protection from the abrasive particles.