Described in the present application are methods of producing silane-crosslinked polymer membranes at moderate temperatures using acid catalysts that, in certain embodiments, result in membranes with unexpectedly high permeabilities and selectivities. In certain embodiments, grafting and crosslinking of the silanes occur by immersing a preformed membrane in a solution comprising a silane and an acid catalyst. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, grafting of silanes to a polymer occurs in the presence of acid catalyst in solution and subsequent casting and drying produces crosslinked membranes. In certain embodiments, an acid catalyst is a weak acid catalyst. Also described in the present application are asymmetric crosslinked polymer membranes with porous layers. In certain embodiments, crosslinked cellulose acetate membranes have permeability up to an order of magnitude greater than the permeability of unmodified cellulose acetate membranes. The membranes have porous layers with a high porosity due to their processing in moderate conditions.

A method for manufacturing a porous device (10) is described. The method comprises creating (340) a carbon nanomembrane (40) on a top surface (22) of a base material (20) having latent pores (23) and etching (360) the latent pores (23) in the base material(20) to form open pores (24). The porous device (10) can be used as a filtration device.

The present technology provides micro fabricated filtration devices, methods of making such devices, and uses for microfabricated filtration devices. The devices may allow diffusion to occur between two fluids with improved transport resistance characteristics as compared to conventional filtration devices. The devices may include a compound structure that includes a porous membrane overlying a support structure. The support structure may define a cavity and a plurality of recesses formed in a way that can allow modified convective flow of a first fluid to provide improved diffusive transport between the first fluid and a second fluid through the membrane.

The present invention relates to a new method for creating nanopores in single layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS.sub.2) nanosheets (NSs) by the electrospray deposition (ESD) of silver ions on a water suspension of the former. Electrospray deposited silver ions react with the MoS.sub.2 NSs at the liquid-air interface resulting in Ag.sub.2S nanoparticles (NPs) which goes into the solution leaving the NSs with holes of 3-5 nm diameter. Specific reaction with the S of MoS.sub.2 NSs leads to Mo-rich edges. Such Mo-rich defects are highly efficient for the generation of active oxygen species such as H.sub.2O.sub.2, under visible light, which causes efficient disinfection of water. The holey MoS.sub.2 NSs shows 10.sup.5 times higher efficiency in disinfection compared to normal MoS.sub.2 NSs. Developed a conceptual prototype and tested with multiple bacterial strains and a viral strain, demonstrating the utility of the method for practical applications.

A method for fabricating a nanopore at a particular location in a membrane includes controlling a dielectric strength of the membrane at a particular location on the membrane while applying one of an electric potential or an electric current to the membrane, monitoring an electrical property across the membrane while one of the electric potential or the electric current is being applied across the membrane, detecting an abrupt change in the electrical property across the membrane while one of the electric potential or the electric current is being applied across the membrane; and removing the electric potential or the electric current from the membrane in response to detecting the abrupt change in the electrical property.

Embodiments of the present disclosure describe carbocyclic pseudo Trger's base (CTB) amines. Embodiments of the present disclosure further describe microporous polymers derived from pseudo CTB amines, including, but not limited to, polyimides, CTB ladder polymers, and network porous polymers. Other embodiments describe a method of separating chemical species in a fluid composition comprising contacting a microporous polymer membrane with a fluid composition including at least two chemical species, wherein the microporous polymer membrane includes one or more of a ladder polymer of intrinsic microporosity, a microporous polyimide, and a microporous network polymer; and capturing at least one of the chemical species from the fluid composition.

The apparatus for making a nanopore in a membrane generally has an electrode configured to connect to one of two opposing surfaces of the membrane; a conductive tip configured to contact a location of the other one of the two opposing surfaces of the membrane; and a voltage source electrically connected between the electrode and the conductive tip and operable to generate an electric potential across the membrane, the electric potential locally removing material of the membrane at the location to make the nanopore.

Provided is a porous membrane that can be manufactured in uncomplicated steps, has high hydrophilicity and water permeability, and exhibits excellent anti-fouling properties when used in a membrane bioreactor method (MBR method). The porous membrane of the present invention is a porous membrane containing polymer (A) and polymer (B), wherein the polymer (A) is a membrane-forming polymer, the polymer (B) is a polymer having a unit (b1) represented by formula (1) and a unit (b2) based on hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate, and the concentration (mass %) of the unit (b1) is equal to or higher than the concentration (mass %) of the unit (b2) in the porous membrane.

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The present invention includes a treatment system and methods for removing waste or other agents from a fluid stream, the system comprising: an inlet flow path for receiving a fluid stream from a source outside the treatment system; a vessel for containing the fluid stream, the vessel comprising a permeable filter configured for biological and physical treatment of the fluid stream, the filter comprising one or more nano-thin film or polymer composite layers of carbon materials assembled in sp2 hybridized structures comprising carbon-carbon bonds, wherein the waste or agent is removed as it flows through pores in the film composite; and a drain fluidly connected to the vessel for discharging treated fluid stream from the vessel from which the waste or agents have been removed.

The purpose is to produce a molded filter body using graphene having water passage holes with a desired size by an easy process. A method for producing a molded filter body having a layer of graphene 2 as a filter medium, includes the steps of: forming a layer of a support 5 on a surface of graphite 1; forming support water passage holes in the layer of the support 5; peeling the layer of the support 5 from the graphite 1 in a state of attaching the layer of graphene 2 on the surface of the graphite 1 to the layer of the support 5; and holding the layer of graphene 2 by heating at a low temperature for a predetermined time in the air containing oxygen at 160 to 250 C. and forming graphene water passage holes.