Disclosed herein is a method of making a crosslinked membrane such as a crosslinked hollow fiber membrane. The method comprises (a) preparing a polyimide polymer comprising carboxylic acid functional groups from a reaction solution comprising monomers and at least one solvent; (b) treating the polyimide polymer with a diol at esterification conditions to form a monoesterified polyimide polymer; (c) forming a monoesterified polyimide membrane or dense film from the monoesterified polyimide polymer; and (d) subjecting the monoesterified polyimide membrane or dense film to transesterification conditions under a CO.sub.2 atmosphere to form a crosslinked polyimide membrane or dense film.

The disclosure is directed to removal of metal contaminants from fluids, as well as ligand-modified filter materials useful for carrying out such methods. The filters and methods of this disclosure are particularly effective for removal of metals from liquid compositions comprising amines. Such liquid compositions with significantly reduced amounts of metals can be used in a microelectronic manufacturing process, such as liquids for removing photoresist or liquids used in etching. The ligand-modified filters, such as ligand-modified porous membranes, can be configured for use in a microelectronic manufacturing system, which can be utilized in the system as a point of use metal-removal feature for liquids entering the system.

The further advancement of membrane separation processes requires the development of more selective membranes. In this study, membranes that take inspiration from biological systems and use multiple functionalities of unique chemical design to control solute transport through chemical factors in addition to steric factors are detailed. Specifically, copolymer materials tailor-made for the generation of nanofilters that possess a high density of well-defined pores lined by azido moieties allowed for the generation of chemically-patterned mosaic membranes in a rapid manner through the use of printing devices. By engineering the composition of the reactive ink solutions used for chemical functionalization, large areas of patterned membranes were generated in seconds rather than hours. Charge mosaic membranes were used as an example of this novel platform.

A polysulfone membrane is modified so that monomers are grafted onto the surface of the membrane. The polysulfone membranes can be grafted by contacting the membrane with a grafting solution and exposing the membrane to electromagnetic radiation, typically within the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum. The monomers that are grafted are typically anionic or cationic. The grafted membranes can be used for filtering impurities, such as positively and negatively charged particles, from a liquid. Anionic membranes provide improved filtration of negatively charged impurities, while cationic membranes provide improved filtration of positively charged impurities.

Hydrophilic fluoroplastic substrates and methods of making hydrophilic fluoroplastic substrates from 4-acryloylmorpholine are disclosed.

Provided is an adsorptive membrane, which includes: a support member having a plurality of first pores; and a first adsorptive member which is stacked on the support member and has a plurality of second pores formed therein and which is made by accumulating ion exchange nanofibers for adsorbing foreign substances.

A method for creating a functional coating on a substrate in vacuum from a deposited monomer material in absence of oxygen and/or radiation from a radiation source. The substrate may be preliminarily activated with inert gas to form an activated layer thereon. The method may include depositing a fluorine containing monomer having a first CF.sub.3:CF.sub.2 ratio, and forming, on the substrate, the self-assembled polymer coating that has a second CF.sub.3:CF.sub.2 ratio, where the first and second CF.sub.3:CF.sub.2 ratios are equal.

Various embodiments disclosed related to modified elastomer surfaces and methods of making and using the same. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of modifying the surface of an elastomer. The method can include contacting a polymerizable composition and at least part of a surface of an elastomer. The polymerizable composition can include a free-radical polymerizable monomers, an organoborane-organonitrogen free-radical initiator, and an amine-reactive compound. The method can include at least partially polymerizing the polymerizable composition, to provide a polymerization product of the polymerizable composition on the surface of the elastomer.

An article that can be used for biomaterial capture comprises (a) a porous substrate; and (b) borne on the porous substrate, a polymer comprising interpolymerized units of at least one monomer consisting of (1) at least one monovalent ethylenically unsaturated group, (2) at least one monovalent ligand functional group selected from acidic groups, basic groups other than guanidino, and salts thereof, and (3) a multivalent spacer group that is directly bonded to the monovalent groups so as to link at least one ethylenically unsaturated group and at least one ligand functional group by a chain of at least six catenated atoms.

Solvent and acid stable ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes including a non-cross-linked base polymer having reactive pendant moieties, the base polymer being modified by forming a cross-linked skin onto a surface thereof, the skin being formed by a cross-linking reaction of reactive pendant moieties on the surface with an oligomer or another polymer as well as methods of manufacture and use thereof, including, inter alia separating metal ions from liquid process streams.