An electrolyte membrane is prepared from a liquid composition comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of trivalent cerium, tetravalent cerium, bivalent manganese and trivalent manganese; and a polymer with a cation-exchange group. The liquid composition is preferably one containing water, a carbonate of cerium or manganese, and a polymer with a cation-exchange group, and a cast film thereof is used as an electrolyte membrane to prepare a membrane-electrode assembly. The present invention successfully provides a membrane-electrode assembly for polymer electrolyte fuel cells being capable of generating the electric power in high energy efficiency, having high power generation performance regardless of the dew point of the feed gas, and being capable of stably generating the electric power over a long period of time.

The present invention relates to a method for the production of a positively charged membrane. Furthermore the present invention relates to a positively charged membrane obtainable by the methods of present invention and the use of these positively charged membranes.

The present invention belongs to the membrane separation area, which provides an MXene material based composite nanofiltration membrane and corresponding method. The mentioned membrane is flat membrane, which has supporting layer and functional separation layer and supporting layer is under the functional separation layer. The functional separation layer is a kind of dense ultra-thin layer, no more than 50 m, prepared with MXene and crosslinking agent. This invention is about a flat composite nanofiltration membrane which has excellent separation performance, thermal resistance and chemical stability because of the novel MXene in the functional separation layer. It can be used in the treatment of the waste water with heavy metal ions, organic solvents or other highly oxidizing solution.

The present invention relates to a composite semipermeable membrane comprising a substrate, a support layer, and a separation function layer, wherein: the support layer includes particles and a thermoplastic resin having a porous structure; the particles are present in the thermoplastic resin and contain at least one material selected from the group consisting of a diene polymer, an acrylic polymer, and an ethylenic polymer; and in a cross section of the support layer, taken in the laser thickness direction, 6 or more of the particles are present in an area which is 3 m from the surface of the support layer in the layer thickness direction and 3 m in the direction along which such surface extends.

A thermally reflective membrane apparatus comprises a housing structure, and a thermally reflective membrane contained within the housing structure. The thermally reflective membrane comprises a semipermeable structure, and a porous, thermally reflective structure physically contacting the semipermeable structure. The porous, thermally reflective structure comprises discrete thermally reflective particles, and a binder material coupling the discrete thermally reflective particles to one another and the semipermeable structure. A fluid treatment system and method of treating a fluid are also described.

A method for producing a gas separation membrane, including the following steps: step (a): treating the surfaces of silica nanoparticles dispersed in a first solvent with a reactive functional group-containing compound, while nanoparticles are being dispersed in the solvent, to thereby prepare a first solvent dispersion of reactive functional group-modified silica nanoparticles; step (b): replacing the first solvent dispersion's dispersion medium of reactive functional group-modified silica nanoparticles prepared in step (a) with a second solvent without drying of dispersion medium, and then reacting functional group-modified silica nanoparticles with dendrimer-forming monomer or hyperbranched polymer-forming monomer in the second solvent's presence so that dendrimer or hyperbranched polymer is added to reactive functional group, to thereby prepare dendrimer- or hyperbranched polymer-bound silica nanoparticles; step (c): mixing dendrimer- or hyperbranched polymer-bound silica nanoparticles prepared in step (b) with a matrix resin; and step (d): applying mixture prepared in step (c) to a substrate, and then removing the solvent.

A gas separation membrane containing a matrix resin and hyperbranched polymer- or dendrimer-bound, heteromorphous shaped silica nanoparticles, which are formed of heteromorphous shaped silica nanoparticles having surfaces onto which a hyperbranched polymer or a dendrimer is chemically added.

Disclosed are a membrane structure including a carbon nanomaterial and NASICON-series ceramic particles, wherein an aqueous solution can pass through an electrode and a method of fabricating the same. There is disclosed a membrane structure of a flat membrane or hollow fiber membrane form, wherein the carbon nanomaterials are intertwisted to form a three-dimensional mesh-shaped structure and the NASICON-series ceramic particles material is combined with the three-dimensional mesh-shaped structure as a complex.

A hydrogen permeation membrane is provided that can include a carbon-based material (C) and a ceramic material (BZCYT) mixed together. The carbon-based material can include graphene, graphite, carbon nanotubes, or a combination thereof. The ceramic material can have the formula BaZr.sub.1-x-y-zCe.sub.xY.sub.yT.sub.zO.sub.3-, where 0x0.5, 0y0.5, 0z0.5, (x+y+z)>0; 00.5, and T is Yb, Sc, Ti, Nb, Ta, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, In, or a combination thereof. In addition, the BZYCT can be present in the C-BZCYT mixture in an amount ranging from about 40% by volume to about 80% by volume. Further, a method of forming such a membrane is also provided. A method is also provided for extracting hydrogen from a feed stream.

A bipolar membrane BP characterized in that particles 5 of a basic metal chloride are distributed in the interface between a cation-exchange membrane 1 and an anion-exchange membrane 3.