A membrane assembly is provided. The membrane assembly includes a non-metallic, porous substrate. A graphene oxide membrane is formed over the non-metallic, porous substrate. A chemical linker interface covalently binds the graphene oxide membrane to the non-metallic, porous substrate.

The present disclosure provides an improved filtration membrane suitable for filtration of blood in vivo. The improved filtration membrane is resistant to breakage with minimal areal penalty due to presence of a system of supports on the backside of the membrane. The minimal areal penalty is achieved by using supports that provide a hierarchical scaffolding that comprises ribs of two different heights as disclosed herein.

The present invention relates to a purification/filtration system using reverse electro-osmotic flow through a composite or hybrid membrane element. The invention also relates to a process for purifying an electrolyte solution using such system. The invention further relates to a water purification system, a water desalination system and an implantable artificial kidney, comprising a reverse electro-osmotic filtration system according to the invention.

The invention relates to a millisecond gasification method to fabricate graphene membranes, yielding a molecular sieving resolution of 0.2 Å for selective gas separation, and further relates to a method of preparation and uses thereof. In particular, the invention relates to the graphene membranes that have large CO.sub.2 permeances combined with attractive CO.sub.2/N.sub.2 and CO.sub.2/CH.sub.4 selectivity.

Embodiments described herein relate generally to systems, apparatus, and methods for using graphene oxide-containing membranes for separation and concentration processes. In some embodiments, a fluid component having a first concentration in a fluid mixture can be concentrated using a first distillation process to a second concentration. In some embodiments, the fluid component can be concentrated from the second concentration to a third concentration using a graphene oxide-containing membrane. In some embodiments, the fluid component can be concentrated from the third concentration to a fourth concentration using a second distillation process. In some embodiments, the fluid component can have an azeotropic concentration between the second concentration and the third concentration.

Methods and systems for the separation of hydrogen isotopes from one another are described. Methods include utilization of a hydrogen isotope selective separation membrane that includes a hydrogen isotope selective layer (e.g., graphene) and a hydrogen ion conductive supporting layer. An electronic driving force encourages passage of isotopes selectively across the membrane at an elevated separation temperature to enrich the product in a selected hydrogen isotope.

An article having a nanoporous membrane and a nanoporous graphene sheet layered on the nanoporous membrane. A method of: depositing a layer of a diblock copolymer onto a graphene sheet, and etching a minor phase of the diblock copolymer and a portion of the graphene in contact with the minor phase to form a nanoporous article having a nanoporous graphene sheet and a nanoporous layer of a polymer. A method of: depositing a hexaiodo-substituted macrocycle onto a substrate having a Ag(111) surface; coupling the macrocycle to form a nanoporous graphene sheet; layering the graphene sheet and substrate onto a nanoporous membrane with the graphene sheet in contact with the nanoporous membrane; and etching away the substrate.

A method for making a membrane includes buffing a first set of graphene platelets onto a surface of a porous substrate to force the graphene platelets into the pores of the substrate, to yield a primed substrate. The method further includes applying a fluid to the primed substrate. The method further includes forcing the fluid through the primed substrate while retaining at least a first portion of the graphene platelets of the first set on the substrate within the pores, to yield a graphene membrane comprising the substrate and a graphene layer platelets lodged within the pores of the substrate.

A method of manufacturing a PVDF composite separation membrane according to an embodiment of the present disclosure has advantages in that it is possible to control the size of pores in various ways based on the nonsolvent-induced phase transition process and calcination process, and manufacture a porous high-strength PVDF composite separation membrane having high water permeability, and it is possible to manufacture a PVDF composite separation membrane which may exhibit durability that does not damage the membrane even under high pressure, while having heat resistance applicable even at a high temperature of 150° C., and excellent chemical resistance to acids and alkalis, and suppress heavy metal adsorption and biofouling phenomenon, and may allow an organic material to be decomposed by ultrasonic waves or UV photocatalysts. In addition, the PVDF composite separation membrane has excellent mechanical, thermal and chemical resistance properties, suppresses the biofouling phenomenon, and exhibits high ultrasonic reactivity.

The present invention provides a separation membrane having high separation performance in terms of a gas mixture containing an acid gas. A separation membrane 10 of the present invention includes a separation functional layer 1 including: graphene oxide; an ionic liquid; and a polymer. The ionic liquid is, for example, hydrophilic and contains an imidazolium ion and tetrafluoroborate. A method for manufacturing the separation membrane 10 of the present invention includes: applying a coating liquid containing the graphene oxide, the ionic liquid, and the polymer to a substrate to obtain a coating film; and drying the coating film.