A filter structure (100) for fuel fluids comprising a first filter wall and a hydrophobic wall, characterised in that the hydrophobic wall is made of a material having a mean static angle that is equal to or greater than 90°, a receding contact angle θ.sub.rec that is less than 90° and a hysteresis H, between an advancing contact angle θ.sub.av and a receding contact angle θ.sub.rec, that is comprised between 50° and 80°.

Disclosed are improved polymer materials. Also disclosed are fine fiber materials that can be made from the improved polymeric materials in the form of microfiber and nanofiber structures. The microfiber and nanofiber structures can be used in a variety of useful applications including the formation of filter materials.

A membrane capsule for biological and chemical separations comprising a cassette comprising an upper surface and a lower surface adjoined by a cassette sidewall, an inlet and an outlet located on the upper and lower surfaces of the cassette, tubes fluidly connected to the inlet and the outlet, holes or slots in the tubes to facilitate separation, and a membrane wrapped, pleated, and/or spiral wound around each of the tubes. Methods of separation comprising flowing fluid flow through the inlet of the membrane capsule, allowing the fluid to permeate through the holes or slots of the tubes, separating biological and/or non-biological substances, collecting the fluid within a reservoir, and draining fluid from the reservoir.

A separator for a separator device, for example a final separator for a final separator device for separating water from a liquid such as oil and/or fuel, may include a filter body including at least one filter material through which the liquid can flow. The filter body may have a first side and a second side. A nanofibre layer may be disposed on the first side in at least one region. The nanofibre layer may be configured hydrophobic. According to an implementation, the nanofibre layer is treated to produce the hydrophobic property. The filter body may have a porosity on the first side that is smaller than on the second side.

Methods for extracting one or more chemical compounds from cannabis plant material are provided. In some embodiments, the method may comprise: providing the cannabis plant material; extracting the cannabis plant material with a solvent to produce a solvent extract; and filtering the solvent extract through a filter material to produce a filtered extract. Also provided are related systems. Related cannabis extracts and products comprising cannabis extracts are also provided.

A filter element and methods of use and forming are provided. The filter element provides water coalescing and separation functions downstream from particulate filtration functions. At least the coalescing stage of the filter element may be glass free. The coalescing stage may have density graded media to accommodate increase water droplet size due to water coalescing.

A substrate for use in a filter media including, for example, in a hydrocarbon fluid-water separation filter; methods of identifying the substrate; methods of making the substrate; methods of using the substrate; and methods of improving the roll off angle of the substrate. In some embodiments, the substrate includes a hydrophilic group-containing polymer or a hydrophilic group-containing polymer coating.

A porous ceramic laminate, which can reduce pressure loss of a fluid, includes a first porous layer and a second porous layer. The second porous layer is laminated on, in contact with or via air, the first porous layer. A part of the second porous layer is laminated on, in contact with, the first porous layer. Each of the first porous layer and the second porous layer contains a metal oxide. A ratio Da/Db of an average pore diameter Da of the first porous layer relative to an average pore diameter Db of the second porous layer is 10 or more. A proportion of a portion in which a distance between the first porous layer and the second porous layer is smaller than 1 μm is 70% or less.

An engineered collection medium for use in mineral separation is described. The engineered collection medium has a solid phase body configured with a three-dimensional open-cell structure like foam or sponge to provide collection surfaces. The three-dimensional surface structure is made of a hydrophobic material which is a reaction product of isocyanate and polyol promotes the attraction of mineral particles to the collection surfaces as a hydrophobic foam. The hydrophobic foam can be in the form of a cube, sphere, or sheet and can be used in a filter or conveyor belt in a processor.

The invention is a table top filtration device designed to filter noxious fumes on or near the table. In one embodiment, the tables are manicure and pedicure tables.