Filter media comprising non-woven fiber webs having one or more advantageous physical properties are generally described. In some embodiments, a filter media and/or non-woven fiber web described herein comprises a combination of fibers that results in enhanced physical properties. For example, the non-woven fiber web may comprise a combination of fiber types that is advantageous, such as a combination comprising fibrillated fibers, glass fibers, and/or binder fibers. In some cases, the filter media and/or non-woven fiber web comprising the combination of fibers may be formed into undulations (e.g., by a creping and/or microcreping process) to further enhance the physical properties of the filter media and/or non-woven fiber.

The present invention provides a formulation and method for preparing a fibrous material comprising nanofibers. The formulation comprises (a) at least one polymer, (b) at least one solvent in which the at least one polymer is dissolved to provide a polymer solution, and (c) at least one functional additive that imparts functionality to the fibrous material. The at least one functional additive is dissolvable or suspensible in the polymer solution. The formulation is able to remove or reduce the concentration of bacteria, viruses and heavy metals while maintaining high filtration efficiency. The invention also relates to a fibrous material prepared by the formulation and applications of the fibrous material.

Filter media and filters comprising a fibrous material, a bonding material, and a flame-resistant treatment composition are disclosed herein. Methods of making and using the same are also disclosed herein.

Various embodiments of the teachings herein include a fiber material composite. The composite may include: a first region including metallic silver and manganese(IV) oxide for producing reactive oxygen species; and a second region configured to neutralize the reactive oxygen species.

A drain protector (1) is provided which has a conformable bottom frame (3) having a central opening that is closed by a filter element (4) spanning the opening. The filter element is capable of removing silt from water on a building site. The bottom frame is capable of conforming to the surface terrain around a drain opening due to the compressive weight of the drain protector in-situ. There is a porous top frame (2) that provides additional separation for debris from silted water and also provides compression weight for the bottom frame. The drain protector (1) may be removed, cleaned and reused.

A closed-loop, bioregenerative water purification system including a gravity-independent anaerobic membrane bioreactor capable of operating in the presence and absence of gravity, the bioreactor including an anaerobic bioreactor, a first membrane filtration unit, and a second membrane filtration unit, wherein the anaerobic bioreactor is configured to receive organic waste and hygiene water as inputs and break them down into constituent components using anaerobic microbes, wherein the first membrane filtration unit is configured to receive effluent output from the anaerobic bioreactor, return concentrate to the anaerobic bioreactor, and output permeate to the second membrane filtration unit, and wherein the second membrane filtration unit is configured to receive the permeate output from the first membrane filtration unit, separate biogas from the permeate, and output nutrient-rich water.

Filter media comprising water-repellent additives having minimal or no fluorine atoms are generally provided. In some embodiments, the water-repellent additives comprise one or more water-repellent functional groups. The water-repellent functional groups may comprise a carbon chain including three or more carbon atoms. In some embodiments, some or all of the water-repellent functional group(s) are bonded to a silicon atom and/or a metal atom. It is also possible for some or all of the water-repellent functional group(s) to form side chain(s) attached to a polymer backbone.

Filter media comprising fluorinated water-repellent additives and/or water-repellent additives having minimal or no fluorine atoms are generally provided. Filter media disclosed herein may include fluorinated water-repellent additives but not water-repellent additives having minimal or no fluorine atoms, water-repellent additives having minimal or no fluorine atoms but not fluorinated water-repellent additives, or both fluorinated water-repellent additives and water-repellent additives having minimal or no fluorine atoms.

A substrate for use in a filter media including, for example, in a hydrocarbon fluid-water separation filter; methods of identifying the substrate; methods of making the substrate; methods of using the substrate; and methods of improving the roll off angle of the substrate. In some embodiments, the substrate includes a hydrophilic group-containing polymer or a hydrophilic group-containing polymer coating.

Apparatuses of electrochemical antimicrobial face masks and methods for manufacturing the same are provided. In one embodiment, an electrochemical antimicrobial face mask may include an electrochemical antimicrobial section configured to inactivate microbes that are in contact with the electrochemical antimicrobial section, and a filtration section configured to provide additional protection that prevents a user from breathing in the microbes, and where the electrochemical antimicrobial section is attached to the filtration section. The electrochemical antimicrobial section may include a galvanic corrosion cell membrane configured to generate antimicrobial agents via a galvanic electrochemical reaction, a hydrophilic antimicrobial membrane configured to inactivate microbes using the antimicrobial agents, and a regeneration pad configured to supply materials to the galvanic corrosion cell membrane for generating the antimicrobial agents.