A depth filtration device for the clarification of biological fluids including a composite depth filter media having a nonwoven first layer integral with a second layer containing a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers, a filter aid, and a wet-strength resin. The depth filter media exhibits increased binding capacity for soluble impurities such as DNA and host cell proteins from biological/cell culture feedstreams during secondary clarification and low-level impurity clearance of harvested cell culture fluids, such as those used for the manufacture of monoclonal antibodies. The depth filter media additionally exhibits significantly lower flushing requirements, resulting in lower levels of organic, inorganic and bioburden extractables released, high dirt holding capacities and good chemical and/or radiation resistance.

A mask assembly comprising a face covering portion, a pocket connected to the face portion and positioned to cover a wearer’s nose and mouth, where in a filter is removably inserted into the pocket, the filter comprising a porous hydrophobic and lipophobic layer, a diamond - like carbon coated copper layer, and a non- woven fabric layer. A filter containing at least one porous hydrophobic and lipophobic layer, at least one diamond like carbon coated copper layer interposed between two non-woven fabric layers, and at least one additional non- woven fabric layer. A filter comprising at least one porous hydrophobic and lipophobic layer, at least one diamond - like carbon coated copper layer, and at least one non - woven fabric layer, the at least diamond-like carbon coated layer is between the at least one porous hydrophobic and lipophobic layer and at least one non - woven fabric layer.

A composite multi-layer textile, comprising at least one nanofibre layer with nanofibres with diameters below 100 nm and one support layer with microfibres with diameters below three microns, wherein the layers were produced by electrospinning. The multi-layer textile shows a general transmittance at #=550 nm greater than 60%, which shows improved properties concerning transparency, breathability and robustness. This is achieved in that the at least one nanofibre layer and the support layer are fused, forming solid domains in the multi-layer textile, at closed areas of a pattern used in the production process, wherein the solid domains are separated from each other or connected, showing defined shapes, with regular or irregular spatial distribution, while the fibre morphology of nanofibres of the nanofibre layer and microfibres of support layer is preserved on top of the open areas beside the solid domains, attaining a general transmittance greater than that given by the sum of the individual layers.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method of regenerating at least one filter medium comprising: providing at least one filter medium, wherein the at least one filter medium comprises: at least one catalyst material; and ammonium bisulfate (ABS) deposits, ammonium sulfate (AS) deposits, or any combination thereof; flowing a flue gas stream transverse to a cross-section of a filter medium, such that the flue gas stream passes through the cross section of the at least one filter medium, wherein the flue gas stream comprises: NOx compounds comprising: Nitric Oxide (NO), and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO.sub.2); and increasing an NOx removal efficiency of the at least one filter medium after removal of deposits.

Articles and methods involving filter media are generally provided. In certain embodiments, the filter media includes at least a first layer, a second layer, and an adhesive resin positioned between the first layer and the second layer. In some embodiments, the first layer may be a pre-filter layer or a support layer. The second layer may, for example, comprise fibers formed by a solution spinning process and/or may comprise fine fibers. In some embodiments, the adhesive resin may be present in a relatively low amount and/or may have a low glass transition temperature. The filter media as a whole may have one or more advantageous properties, including one or more of a high stiffness, a high bond strength between the first layer and the second layer, a high gamma, and/or a low increase in air resistance after being subjected to an IPA vapor discharge. The filter media may be, for example, a HEPA filter and/or an ULPA filter.

A layer for a protective mask (100a, 100b, 200a) comprises at least a first sublayer (122b, 218b), wherein the first sublayer (122b, 218b) includes a first substrate and a layer of a plurality of nanoparticles (124b, 7) of a nanomaterial provided on the first substrate. The protective mask (100a, 100b, 200a) includes an outer layer (120b, 230a) which is made of an organic fibular network bonded with nanomaterials. An air filtration element (900, 1070, 1240) for attenuation of airborne contaminants includes negatively charged nanodiamonds (920, 1320). A filter (1100, 1200, 1500, 1600) for an air conditioning system (1130, 1530) or an air purifier (1230, 1630) comprises the air filtration element (900, 1070, 1240). An air treatment element (1140,1300,1540,1640) comprises nanodiamonds (920,1320) including colour centers. The protective mask (100a, 100b, 200a), the air filtration element (900, 1070, 1240), the air treatment element (1140,1300,1540,1640) and the filter (1100, 1200, 1500, 1600) overcome or at least partially ameliorate some of the deficiencies as associated with those of the prior art.

In order to address the sustainability and environmental issues associated with conventional HVAC filters, inventive HVAC filters have been developed that are completely biodegradable and compostable and exhibit Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) ratings that are superior to conventional HVAC filters. More particularly, it has been discovered that biodegradable electrospun nanofibers can be used to produce biodegradable HVAC filters that exhibit superior filtration performance relative to conventional HVAC filters produced from polypropylene electrostatic media or triboelectric nonwoven media.

Nonwoven multilayer structures having at least two nanofiber layers are described herein. The nonwoven multilayer structure may have two nanofibers layers that have different properties from each other, such as fiber diameter. One nanofiber layer may be produced by an electrospinning process, while another nanofiber layer may be produced by a melt blown process.

An object of the present invention is to provide a porous ceramic laminate that can reduce pressure loss of a fluid. The present invention is a porous ceramic laminate comprising a first porous layer and a second porous layer, wherein the second porous layer is laminated on the first porous layer, the second porous layer has a portion being laminated on, in contact with, the first porous layer and a portion being laminated over the first porous layer via air, and a coefficient of variance CV (t.sub.b) of the second porous layer thickness is not larger than 0.35.

An improved technology for inactivation of viruses, for example the SARS-CoV-2 virus that is causing the Covid-19 pandemic, is described. The technology can include a device that includes a substrate coated in a polymer that is infused with a pathogen inactivating material. In various embodiments, at a given time, a portion of the pathogen inactivating material is exposed to the environment, and the device is configured to periodically or intermittently expose additional pathogen inactivating material to the environment. For example, the polymer can be ablative or sacrificial.