A filtration material of the present invention comprises a bulky fiber sheet layer having a thickness of 0.5 mm or more, and a triboelectrically-charged nonwoven fabric layer in which two or more types of fibers different in constituent resin are mixed, wherein constituent fibers of the triboelectrically-charged nonwoven fabric layer penetrate into the bulky fiber sheet layer. A three-layer filtration material of the present invention comprises bulky fiber sheet layers having a thickness of 0.5 mm or more, and a triboelectrically-charged nonwoven fabric layer, which is located between the bulky fiber sheet layers, wherein the constituent fibers of the triboelectrically-charged nonwoven fabric layer penetrate into the bulky fiber sheet layers, and both bulky fiber sheet layers contain fibers having a limiting oxygen index of 20 or more, and have a mass per unit area 0.5 times or more than that of the triboelectrically-charged nonwoven fabric layer. A filter element of the present invention comprises the filtration material in a pleated state.

Systems and methods for increasing removal efficiency of at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, at least one oxidizing agent is introduced into the flue gas stream, so as to react SO2 with the at least one oxidizing agent to form sulfur trioxide (SO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), or any combination thereof. Some of the embodiments further include introducing ammonia (NH3) and or dry sorbent into the flue gas stream, so as to react at least some of the sulfur trioxide (SO3), at least some of the sulfuric acid (H2SO4), or any combination thereof, with the ammonia (NH3) and form at least one salt.

A personal protective equipment face covering includes at least one layer. Each of the at least one layers includes at least one fabric material. Wherein, each of the at least one layers of the at least one fabric material including an inherently ionic material. Wherein an ionic charge on the inherently charged ionic material comes from a molecular structure, not from electrostatic charge or triboelectricity.

The present application is direction to a system and method for preparing filter media from macro and nanofibers by ventilating a nanofiber media, combining the nanofiber media with macro fibers to form a hybrid media, inserting the hybrid media between a stitching plate and a stripper plate and alternatively inserting and withdrawing needles to combine the macro fibers with the nanofiber media and create a fiber web along at least one surface of the nanofiber media.

An improved catalytic filter material for use in removing target species found in a fluid stream is provided. The filter material includes water wettable, high temperature staple fibers in the form of porous substrates that are attached to a high temperature fluoropolymer woven scrim. The porous substrates have catalyst particles adhered (e.g., tethered) to the surfaces thereof by a polymer adhesive. Optionally, at least one microporous layer is positioned adjacent to or within the filter material.

An air filter for automobiles includes, a main filter and a prefilter, wherein the prefilter comprises a nonwoven synthetic fiber having an average density of 0.01 to 0.5 g/cm.sup.3 and a moisture absorbent is adsorbed to the prefilter.

A facial garment. The facial garment may include an outer hydrophobic textile for repelling moisture, an inner textile proximal to the outer hydrophobic textile, and an interconnecting structure coupling the outer hydrophobic textile and the inner textile. The interconnecting structure may include nylon-wrapped, synthetic elastane fiber. The inner textile may include a natural fiber having one or more neps for increasing an interaction surface area for particles incident on the facial garment and for promoting turbulence among particles incident on the facial garment.

A laminated polyarylene sulfide heat-resistant filter has a plurality of layers, at least including a first web layer that is a filtering surface, and a second web layer that is a non-filtering surface, the laminated polyarylene sulfide heat-resistant filter being characterized in that the first web layer contains 30 to 70 wt % of polyarylene sulfide fibers having a fineness of 0.5 to 1.2 dtex, and 30 to 70 wt % of polyarylene sulfide fibers having a fineness of 1.3 to 3.0 dtex taking a total of a weight percentages of the first web layer as 100 wt %, wherein the second web layer contains polyarylene sulfide fibers having a fineness of 1.0 to 4.0 dtex.

An improved catalytic filter material for use in removing target species found in a fluid stream is provided. The filter material includes water wettable, high temperature staple fibers in the form of porous substrates that are attached to a high temperature fluoropolymer woven scrim. The porous substrates have catalyst particles adhered (e.g., tethered) to the surfaces thereof by a polymer adhesive. Optionally, at least one microporous layer is positioned adjacent to or within the filter material.

The present invention relates to a filter medium, a method for the manufacture thereof and the use of the filter medium according to the invention. The filter medium according to the invention comprises at least two textile nonwoven layers which are joined to one another by needling. The needled composite is then subjected to an after treatment so that the holes present from the needling are reduced by at least 50%.