A cartridge for applying an electromagnetic field (EMF) to at least one toxin in a wound in the skin of a person or animal is provided. The cartridge includes a power supply, a controller coupled to the power supply and providing a voltage between about 0.2V and 3V to an array of electrodes configured to transmit the EMF to the skin about the wound site. A cartridge for applying an ultrasonic field to at least one toxin in a wound in the skin of a person or animal is also provided. The ultrasonic cartridge may include a power supply, a controller coupled to the power supply and providing a voltage to at least one sonotrodes configured to transmit the ultrasonic field to the skin about the wound. The cartridge may also include a sensor for measuring the resistance or impedance in the tissue to be treated and the controller can adjust the ultrasonic field based on the impedance or resistance.

Face mask devices, systems, and methods of use include a frame that holds a suitable filter material, including a face mask, over the user's face to form a seal and prevent unfiltered air from being inhaled through the nose or mouth of the user without first passing through the filter material. The frame is removably attached over the users face by, for example, adjustable straps. The frame may be adjustable in size to be suitable for use on user's having different facial sizes, shapes, and/or geometries.

A face mask include a bulbous area that reduces contact between the wearer and the mask, with the inner surface texture and material adapted to be comfortable to the wearer. The bulbous area may be equipped with a filter retained by slots at the edge of the bulbous area, with the inner surface texture and material of the filter also adapted to be comfortable to the wearer. The mask may be knit with seamless transitions between wearer-contacting surfaces and the bulbous area, which enhance the comfort of the mask. The mask may include silvered yarns for antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, the bulbous area increases the effective surface area of the mask on both inhalation and exhalation, unlike pleats that collapse on inhalation.

A filter element for an air filter assembly of an engine includes a primary filter media and a secondary filter media. The primary filter media has a plurality of pleats having first fold edges on an inlet face of the primary filter media and second fold edges on an outlet face of the primary filter media. The first and second fold edges extend from a first lateral side to a second lateral side of the primary filter media. The secondary filter media is constructed of a non-woven material and includes a first portion arranged on the inlet face of the primary filter media, a second portion secured to the first lateral side of the primary filter media, and a third portion secured to the second lateral side of the primary filter media.

Various embodiments disclosed relate to a fire-resistant filter and methods of making and using the same. A filter includes a fibrous web or sheet comprising fire-resistant fibers, the fire-resistant fibers comprising oxidized polyacrylonitrile (OPAN), flame-retardant (FR) rayon, or a combination thereof.

The invention relates to a textile protective material, in particular providing protection against radioactive harmful and/or toxic substances and/or against biological harmful and/or toxic substances and/or against chemical harmful and/or toxic substances, preferably a textile adsorption filter material, and to a method for the production thereof. The textile protective material is suitable in particular for producing protective equipment and protective objects and filters and filter materials of all types.

Filter media including out-of-plane solid elements are generally described. Inventive methods of forming them and uses thereof are also described.

Provided is an face mask comprising: (a) a mask body configured to cover at least wearer's mouth and nose; and (b) a fastener to hold the mask in place on the wearer; wherein the mask body includes (i) an air-permeable outer layer preferably comprising a hydrophobic material (e.g. water-repelling fibers), (ii) an inner layer located on a wearer's side when the mask is worn, and (iii) a graphene foam layer disposed in the mask body between the outer layer and the inner layer or embedded (totally or partially) in the outer layer or the inner layer. The foam pore wall graphene surfaces may be deposited with an antiviral or anti-bacteria compound.

Provided is an face mask comprising: (a) a mask body configured to cover at least wearer's mouth and nose; and (b) a fastener to hold the mask in place on the wearer; wherein the mask body includes (i) an air-permeable outer layer preferably comprising a hydrophobic material (e.g. water-repelling fibers), (ii) an inner layer located on a wearer's side when the mask is worn, and (iii) a graphene layer disposed in the mask body, wherein the graphene layer comprises a plurality of discrete single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets selected from pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof. The graphene layer may be disposed between the outer layer and the inner layer or embedded (totally or partially) in the outer layer or the inner layer.

A face mask has a first woven filter layer comprising a first yarn and a second woven filter layer comprising a second yarn. The second yarn is disposed at a non-right and non-parallel angle relative to the first yarn. The second woven filter layer is stitched to the first woven filter layer. A third woven filter layer with a third yarn can be added with the third yarn at a non-right and non-parallel angle relative to both the first yarn and second yarn.