The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for reforming methane into hydrogen and a hydrocarbon fuel. In example embodiments, the methane reformer integrates a photocatalytic steam methane reforming (P-SMR) system with a subsequent photocatalytic dry methane reforming (P-DMR) system.

A composite amine absorbent according to the present invention is an absorbent for absorbing CO.sub.2 or H.sub.2S, or both of CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2S in a gas. The absorbent is obtained by dissolving (1) a linear monoamine, (2) a diamine, and (3) propylene glycol alkyl ether, for example, represented by the following chemical formula (I) in water. In the composite amine absorbent, the components complexly interact, and the synergistic effect thereof provides good absorbability of CO.sub.2 or H.sub.2S, or both of CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2S and good releasability of CO.sub.2 or H.sub.2S absorbed during regeneration of the absorbent. Furthermore, the amount of water vapor in a reboiler 26 used during regeneration of the absorbent in a CO.sub.2 recovery unit 12 can be reduced.
R.sup.1—O—(R.sup.2—O).sub.n—R.sup.3  (I)

An aqueous solvent composition is provided, comprising a nucleophilic component having one or more sterically unhindered primary or secondary amine moieties, a Brønsted base component having one or more basic nitrogen moieties, a water-soluble organic solvent, and water. A biphasic composition is provided, comprising one or more carbamate compounds, one or more conjugate acids of Brønsted base, a water-soluble organic solvent, and water. A biphasic CO.sub.2 absorption process is also provided, utilizing the biphasic solvent composition.

Provided is a gas-treating device including: an absorption device that receives an absorbent to absorb an acidic compound in a gas to be treated into the absorbent; a release device into which the absorbent having absorbed the acidic compound in the absorption device is introduced; a heater for heating the absorbent in the release device to release the acidic compound contained in the absorbent from the absorbent; and a multi-fluid heat exchanger for heating the absorbent before being supplied from the absorption device to the release device by a fluid containing the acidic compound discharged from the release device and the absorbent before being supplied from the release device to the absorption device.

Reclaimer systems and methods of their use are provided. Reclaimer systems use one or more fluid input streams and a variable steam input to control temperature of a fluid in a reclaimer vessel. In certain embodiments, a temperature controller and level controller are both connected to at least one fluid input stream subsystem and a steam input subsystem. Output from the level controller and the temperature controller is used to control flow through both a fluid input stream subsystem and a steam input subsystem. In certain embodiments, selectors are used to determine which controller output to obey when controlling the steam input subsystem and the fluid input stream subsystem. In certain embodiments, lean amine agent and an inert fluid are input in a ratio controlled by a ratio controller in order to maintain the fluid level in a vessel.

Disclosed is an adsorbent containing a metal oxide for adsorption of hydrogen sulfide in biogas, and a biogas purification system using the same.

A method and apparatus for continuously treating acid gases including recovering absorbent chemicals by introducing streams leaving a regenerator and/or leaving an absorber into a static mixing zone wherein supplemental washing water is added to recover absorbent chemicals. Improvements to the prior art methods are provided where one or more absorbent chemical recovery units are included to increase the amount of recovered absorbent chemicals exiting the regenerator and/or exiting the absorber are increased and/or maximized. Absorbent chemical recovery units can include mixing units where liquid is added to the stream of sour gas and absorbent chemical to mix with and absorb the absorbent chemical from the stream.

An absorbent for the selective removal of hydrogen sulfide over carbon dioxide from a fluid stream, wherein the absorbent contains an aqueous solution, comprising an amine of formula (I) and/or an amine of formula (II) wherein U—V—W is CH—O—CHR.sup.5, N—CO—CHR.sup.5 or N—CO—NR.sup.5; U′—V′—W is C—O—CR.sup.5; R.sup.1 is independently C.sub.1-C.sub.5-alkyl; R.sup.2 is selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1-C.sub.5-alkyl; R.sup.3 is independently selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1-C.sub.5-alkyl; R.sup.4 is independently selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1-C.sub.5-alkyl; R.sup.5 is selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.5-alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.5-alkoxy)-C.sub.1-C.sub.5-alkyl, and hydroxy-C.sub.1-C.sub.5-alkyl; and x is an integer from 1 to 10. The absorbent has a reduced tendency for phase separation at temperatures falling within the usual range of regeneration temperatures for the aqueous amine mixtures and a low volatility in aqueous solvents. ##STR00001##

The acid gas removal system for removing acidic gases from gaseous hydrocarbons (10) removes sour gases, such as hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) and carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), from an input gaseous stream. The system (10) includes a contactor (12) for contacting the input gaseous stream with an absorption liquid solvent (ALS), and a stripper (24) for recycling the absorption liquid solvent (ALS) and removing acidic gases (AG) therefrom, but with the addition of a pair of plate-plate heat exchangers (22, 26). The first heat exchanger (22) heats the used absorption liquid solvent (UALS) output from the contactor (12) prior to injection into the stripper (24). The used absorption liquid solvent (UALS) is heated via heat exchange with the acidic gases (AG) output from the stripper (24). The second heat exchanger (26) cools the recycled absorption liquid solvent (RALS) before injection back into the contactor (12).

To provide an aldehyde scavenger and a method for removing aldehydes by using the same, for quickly and continuously capturing aldehydes. An aldehyde scavenger comprising at least one O-substituted hydroxylamine or at least one chemically acceptable salt thereof, is used against an aldehyde generation source.