This invention provides a CO.sub.2 desorption catalyst that has an excellent CO.sub.2 desorption activity and that can be used to replace metal filler. This invention provides a CO.sub.2 desorption catalyst comprising an inorganic powder or inorganic powder compact, the inorganic powder or inorganic powder compact having a BET specific surface area of 7 m.sup.2/g or more.

The invention relates to the field of membrane gas separation. A method of removing components of gas mixtures which is based on passing the components of a gas mixture through a nanoporous membrane and subsequently selectively absorbing them with a liquid absorbent that is in contact with the nanoporous membrane, wherein to prevent the gas from getting into the liquid phase of the absorbent and the liquid phase of the absorbent from getting into the gas phase, a nanoporous membrane with homogeneous porosity (size distribution less than 50%) and a pore diameter in the range of 5-500 nm is used, and the pressure differential between the gas phase and the liquid absorbent is kept below the membrane bubble point pressure. An acid gas removal performance of more than 0.3 nm.sup.3/(m.sup.2 hour) in terms of CO.sub.2 is achieved at a hollow-fiber membrane packing density of up to 3200 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, which corresponds to a specific volumetric performance of acid gas removal of up to 1000 nm.sup.3 (m.sup.3 hour). The technical result is that of providing effective extraction of undesirable components from natural and process gas mixtures.

Processes and equipment for purification of a sour hydrocarbon mixture or a gas mixture including hydrocarbons and sour gas, at least including the steps of directing the gas mixture to contact an absorbent liquid having affinity for sour gas, providing a purified off-gas mixture, directing the purified off-gas mixture to contact a liquid hydrocarbon mixture, providing an enriched liquid hydrocarbon mixture, with the associated benefit of such a process having a high recovery of hydrocarbons from the gas mixture to the enriched liquid hydrocarbon mixture, while being efficient in removing hydrogen sulfide from the gas mixture. The gas mixture to be purified may either be a natural gas, a fuel gas or an intermediate gas stream, e.g. from naphtha, kerosene, diesel or condensate hydrotreatment or hydrocracking, and it may also include further constituents, typically hydrogen.

A co-current contactor for separating components in a fluid stream, the co-current contactor comprising a first inlet configured to receive the fluid stream proximate to a first end of the co-current contactor, a second inlet configured to receive a solvent proximate the first end of the co-current contactor, and a mass transfer section configured to receive the fluid stream and the solvent and to provide a mixed, two-phase flow, wherein the mass transfer section comprises a surface feature along an inner surface of the mass transfer section configured to reduce film flow along an inner wall of the mass transfer section, and wherein the surface feature comprises at least one of a hydrophobic surface, a superhydrophobic surface, a porous wall surface, and a nonlinear surface irregularity extending radially inward or radially outward along the inner surface of the mass transfer section.

A method for recovering an acidic gas, includes: a step of bringing a gas to be treated that contains an acidic gas into gas-liquid into contact with an amine absorbing solution, allowing the amine absorbing solution to absorb the acidic gas, thereby removing the acidic gas from the gas to be treated; a step of allowing the amine absorbing solution that has absorbed the acidic gas to release the acidic gas, thereby regenerating the amine absorbing solution, and at the same time, recovering the released acidic gas; and an analysis step of calculating concentrations of iron ions and/or heavy metal ions in the amine absorbing solution.

The present disclosure relates to a porous liquid or a porous liquid enzyme that includes a high surface area solid and a liquid film substantially covering the high surface area solid. The porous liquid or porous liquid enzyme may be contacted with a fluid that is immiscible with the liquid film such that a liquid-fluid interface is formed. The liquid film may facilitate mass transfer of a substance or substrate across the liquid-fluid interface. The present disclosure also provides methods of performing liquid-based extractions and enzymatic reactions utilizing the porous liquid or porous liquid enzyme of the present disclosure.

The present disclosure relates to a porous liquid or a porous liquid enzyme system that includes a high surface area solid and a liquid film substantially covering the high surface area solid. The porous liquid or porous liquid enzyme may be contacted with a fluid that is immiscible with the liquid film such that a liquid-fluid interface is formed. The liquid film may facilitate mass transfer of a substance or substrate across the liquid-fluid interface. The present disclosure also provides methods of performing liquid-based extractions and enzymatic reactions utilizing the porous liquid or porous liquid enzyme of the present disclosure. The present disclosure also provides methods for selecting the components of the porous liquid or a porous liquid enzyme system and methods of self-replenishing the used liquid coating.

A process is provided for treating a hydrocarbon gas stream comprising sending the hydrocarbon gas stream to a membrane unit to be separated into a residue stream and a permeate gas stream; then sending the permeate gas stream with or without undergoing compression to a solvent absorption unit to remove carbon dioxide and other impurities; and recovering a treated gas.

A carbon dioxide absorbent of an embodiment includes a chain amine, a cyclic amine, and an acid. The chain amine is a compound expressed by Formula (1) of FIG. 1. R.sup.1 in Formula (1) is hydrogen or an alkyl chain having at least one hydroxyl group and 1 to 7 carbon atoms. R.sup.2 in Formula (1) is an alkyl chain having at least one hydroxyl group and 1 to 7 carbon atoms. R.sup.3 in Formula (1) is hydrogen, a straight alkyl chain having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl chain having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkyl chain having 5 to 7 carbon atoms.

Embodiments include systems and methods for processing a feed gas and acid gas removal. A method may comprise receiving a feed gas to an absorber; contacting the feed gas counter-currently with a lean solvent stream to remove acid gas from the feed gas; producing a treated feed gas stream from the absorber; producing a rich solvent stream from the absorber comprising H.sub.2S and CO.sub.2 removed from the feed gas; receiving a side stream from the absorber to a side cooler; removing at least a portion of the heat of absorption from the side stream by the side cooler; producing a first output stream from the side cooler that is routed back into the absorber at a point below a draw point for the side stream; and producing a second output stream from the side cooler that is routed back into the absorber at a point below the first output stream.