The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for electrically conductive membrane separation from a mixture solution via membrane nanofiltration, electro-filtration, or electro-extraction by: generating an electric field at the membrane filter, holding the membrane filter at a constant electric potential, or driving a constant current through the membrane filter; feeding a mixture solution through the membrane nanofiltration system; and separating a component from the mixture solution into a permeate solution.

Provided are a method and system for simultaneously extracting polysaccharides of Rosa roxburghii Tratt, polyphenols of Rosa roxburghii Tratt, superoxide dismutase (SOD) of Rosa roxburghii Tratt, and Vc from Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace. The method includes enzymatic hydrolysis treatment, grinding treatment, ultrasonic treatment, centrifugation treatment, ceramic membrane ultrafiltration treatment, macroporous adsorption resin treatment, elution treatment, evaporation and concentration treatment, spiral-wound membrane ultrafiltration treatment, and reverse osmosis treatment.

The method p1 for converting osmotic energy into hydraulic energy and the method p2 for desalination, include pressurisation/depressurisation and isochoric washing of an aqueous solution containing a salt in the presence of a selective hydrophobic nanoporous material of which the nanoporous volume within the material is only accessible to fresh water and which has a nanoporosity volume fraction ranging from 0.2 to 1 so as to convert osmotic energy into hydraulic energy or conversely to desalinate water, preferably sea water or brine.

The present invention relates to synthetic membranes and use of these synthetic membranes for isolation of volatile organic compounds and purification of water. The synthetic membrane includes a hydrophobic polymer layer located on a polymeric membrane support layer. The invention includes a method of isolating volatile organic compounds with the synthetic membrane by contacting a volatile organic mixture with the hydrophobic polymer layer of the synthetic membrane and removing volatile organic compounds from the polymeric membrane support layer of the synthetic membrane by a process of pervaporation. The invention also includes a method of purifying water with the synthetic membrane by contacting an ionic solution with the hydrophobic polymer layer of the synthetic membrane and removing water from the polymeric membrane support layer of the synthetic membrane by a process of reverse osmosis. The invention also relates to methods of isolating non-polar gases by gas fractionation.

According to some aspects, a semi-permeable membrane is provided for performing separation processes as well as its method of manufacture. In some instances, a membrane may include a porous substrate, and an active layer disposed upon the substrate. The active layer may include at least one atomically thin layer having a plurality of open pores that allow transport of some species through the membrane while restricting transport of other species through the membrane. The open pores may have a mean pore size between 0.5 nm and 10 nm and a number density between 10.sup.9 cm.sup.?2 and 1014 cm.sup.?2.

A method for the repair of defects in a graphene or other two-dimensional material through interfacial polymerization.

Membranes of the present disclosure possess very thin barrier layers, with high selectivity, high throughput, low fouling, and are long lasting. The membranes include graphene and/or graphene oxide barrier layers on a nanofibrous supporting scaffold. Methods for forming these membranes, as well as uses thereof, are also provided. In embodiments, an article of the present disclosure includes a nanofibrous scaffold; at least a first layer of nanoporous graphene, nanoporous graphene oxide, or combinations thereof on at least a portion of a surface of the nanofibrous scaffold; an additive such as crosslinking agents and/or particles on an outer surface of the at least first layer of nanoporous graphene, nanoporous graphene oxide, or combinations thereof.

The present invention relates to a porous membrane suitable for use in high pressure filtration method.

The present invention provides: a forward osmosis membrane which achieves good water permeability, good rejection performance and good resistance against the counter pressure at the same time; and a method for producing a forward osmosis membrane, the method being capable of easily producing the above-described forward osmosis membrane. One embodiment of the present invention provides a forward osmosis membrane which comprises a porous supporting membrane and a separation function layer that is arranged on the porous supporting membrane, wherein: the porous supporting membrane is in contact only with the separation function layer; and the separation function layer is composed of a polyamide layer.

An alumina body having nano-sized open-cell pores, the alumina body is formed from ?-Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and Al(OH).sub.3. The alumina body has porosity of greater than 36-percent by volume and a mean pore flow diameter less than 25-nm. The alumina body retains porosity of over 20-volume percent for temperatures up to 1510? C. for 1-hour. The nano-sized open-cell porous body can be scaled to any 3-dimensional structure.