A filter device includes one or more filter membranes, and a filter housing enclosing the one or more filter membranes. Each of the filter membranes includes a base membrane made of a ceramic material, and a plurality of through holes. The base membrane is coated with a coating material.

Methods of making blended, isoporous, asymmetric (graded) films (e.g. ultrafiltration membranes) comprising two or more chemically distinct block copolymers and blended, isoporous, asymmetric (graded) films (e.g. ultrafiltration membranes) comprising two or more chemically distinct block copolymers. The generation of blended membranes by mixing two chemically distinct block copolymers in the casting solution demonstrates a pathway to advanced asymmetric block copolymer derived films, which can be used as ultrafiltration membranes, in which different pore surface chemistries and associated functionalities can be integrated into a single membrane via standard membrane fabrication, i.e. without requiring laborious post-fabrication modification steps. The block copolymers may be diblock, triblock and/or multiblock mixes and some block copolymers in the mix may be functionally modified. Triblock copolymers comprising a reactive group (e.g., sulfhydryl group) terminated block and films comprising the triblock copolymers.

The apparatus for making a nanopore in a membrane generally has an electrode configured to connect to one of two opposing surfaces of the membrane; a conductive tip configured to contact a location of the other one of the two opposing surfaces of the membrane; and a voltage source electrically connected between the electrode and the conductive tip and operable to generate an electric potential across the membrane, the electric potential locally removing material of the membrane at the location to make the nanopore.

Disclosed herein are vapour-phase crosslin ked composite membranes in the form of crosslinked polymers and defined inorganic materials. The membranes disclosed herein may have a narrow pore size distribution and precise molecule separation ability and may be used for organic solvent nanofiltration and organic solvent reverse osmosis. Also disclosed herein are methods of forming the membranes, and filtration. In a preferred embodiment, the vapour-phase crosslinked composite membrane is obtained by exposing a composite membrane comprising polyimide and UiO-66-NH.sub.2 particles to an amine vapour.

In particles removal with extremely high filtration efficiency and the ability to block submicron airborne particles by a sieving mechanism is provided. This novel nanoporous filter advantageously combines extremely high transmittance for visible light and ultraviolet light, reusability after cleaning or disinfection by ultraviolet irradiation or simple washing, a customizable sieving pore size ranging from a few nanometers to 500 nanometers, and the ability to carry bactericidal, virucidal or other reagents or particles on the nano or micro scale.

Methods of fabricating a porous membrane are disclosed. The first method includes the following operations. A mesoporous silica thin film with perpendicular mesopore channels is grown on a polymer film. The mesoporous silica thin film and the polymer film are transferred onto a macroporous substrate, in which the polymer film is positioned between the macroporous substrate and the mesoporous silica thin film. The polymer film is removed to form the porous membrane. The second method includes the following operations. A polymer film is formed on a macroporous substrate, wherein the polymer film includes crosslinked polymers including cross-linked polystyrene, cross-linked polymethyl methacrylate, or a combination thereof. A mesoporous silica thin film with perpendicular mesopore channels is grown on the polymer film. The polymer film is removed to form the porous membrane.

The present technology provides micro fabricated filtration devices, methods of making such devices, and uses for microfabricated filtration devices. The devices may allow diffusion to occur between two fluids with improved transport resistance characteristics as compared to conventional filtration devices. The devices may include a compound structure that includes a porous membrane overlying a support structure. The support structure may define a cavity and a plurality of recesses formed in a way that can allow modified convective flow of a first fluid to provide improved diffusive transport between the first fluid and a second fluid through the membrane.

A hollow fiber membrane of the present invention is a hollow fiber membrane having an outer surface and an inner surface, wherein the inner surface has a zebra stripe pattern in which dense portions and porous portions are alternately formed in the longitudinal direction, and the outer surface has a maximum pore size of about 1 μm or less (≤about 1 μm), and wherein the hollow fiber membrane has a water permeability (flux) of ≥about 1,300 LMH/bar to ≤about 5,000 LMH/bar.

The present invention provides a porous membrane for water treatment, comprising: a high molecular weight polyethylene, a water-soluble polymer and an antioxidant, the high molecular weight polyethylene having an average molecular weight of 1.0×10.sup.5 to 10.0×10.sup.6 and a density of 0.940 to 0.976 g/cm.sup.3; wherein, the weight of the water-soluble polymer is 5 to 50 parts, the weight of the antioxidant is 0.1 to 10 parts, based on 100 parts of the weight of the high molecular weight polyethylene. The porous membrane for water treatment prepared by the present invention has a thickness of 5 to 30 μm, a pore size of 10 to 100 nm, a porosity of 20 to 60%, and a surface contact angle of 30° to 95°. The porous membrane according to the present invention has good durability, simple preparation process, and relatively thin thickness, a uniform pore size distribution and small pore size, good hydrophilicity, as well as good filtration and adsorption effect.

A method for preparing a Luo Han Guo sweetening composition from Siraitia grosvenorii and a use thereof. The method for extracting the sweetening composition from Siraitia grosvenorii preferably includes the followings: accelerating ripening of immature Siraitia grosvenorii, and performing juicing, extraction with pure water, removal of impurities, concentration and purification to obtain the sweetening composition. Further, the present application relates to a compound sweetener containing the sweetening composition, which can be widely used in foodstuffs, beverages, healthcare products, and daily chemicals. The contents of mogroside III, mogroside IIe, and the like in the Luo Han Guo sweetening composition are controlled so as to improve the flavor thereof, and a production process for the sweetening composition uses only pure water, without use of organic solvents such as ethanol, to ensure a greener and healthier production process.