The present disclosure provides a juice filtration system to effectively reduce calorie and sugar contents, reduce bitterness, and improve the overall flavor of a juice. A method for making a fruit beverage utilizing the juice filtration system is also provided. The method includes multi-step filtrations of feed juice(s) followed by selective combination of the intermediate products, by-products, the feed juice(s), and/or other fruit source(s) to form the fruit beverage. A fruit beverage having a 100% identity to the original fruit source(s), reduced calorie and sugar content, reduced bitterness, enhanced vitamin nutrition, and improved flavor, free from external ingredients is provided.

A method of manufacturing a PVDF composite separation membrane according to an embodiment of the present disclosure has advantages in that it is possible to control the size of pores in various ways based on the nonsolvent-induced phase transition process and calcination process, and manufacture a porous high-strength PVDF composite separation membrane having high water permeability, and it is possible to manufacture a PVDF composite separation membrane which may exhibit durability that does not damage the membrane even under high pressure, while having heat resistance applicable even at a high temperature of 150° C., and excellent chemical resistance to acids and alkalis, and suppress heavy metal adsorption and biofouling phenomenon, and may allow an organic material to be decomposed by ultrasonic waves or UV photocatalysts. In addition, the PVDF composite separation membrane has excellent mechanical, thermal and chemical resistance properties, suppresses the biofouling phenomenon, and exhibits high ultrasonic reactivity.

An air remediation device includes a housing including an internal chamber, an inlet, an outlet, and a potting material dividing said internal chamber into a first compartment and a second compartment. At least one hollow fiber membrane is supported by the potting material and held in the first compartment. Airborne viral particles are directed (a) through the inlet into the first compartment and then (b) through the at least one hollow fiber membrane, where the airborne viral particles are captured to produce treated air, and then the treated air is directed (c) through the second compartment before being exhausted from the housing through the outlet.

The disclosure provides porous membranes capable of removing very small particulates from a liquid composition. In certain embodiments, the porous membranes comprise poly(tetrafluoroethylene), wherein the membrane is at least partially coated with a polymer prepared from the free radical reaction of ethylenically-unsaturated monomers, wherein the monomers are comprised of monomers having an amide moiety. In particular embodiments, the membranes are capable of removing, by filtration, microbial particles such as bacteria, thus rendering the resulting liquid composition essentially sterile.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to processes for forming functionalized membranes. In an embodiment, a process for forming a functionalized porous membrane is provided. The process includes introducing a porous membrane with an aqueous solution of a hydrophilic agent in a reaction zone, and operating the reaction zone under conditions to form the functionalized porous membrane, the conditions comprising heating the reaction zone to a temperature of about 95° C. or less.

Provided is a porous membrane having high filtration performance and little deterioration of water permeation performance due to membrane surface abrasion when used in a method of clarifying, by membrane filtration, turbid water that is natural water, domestic wastewater, or water resulting from treatment thereof. In the porous membrane, a ratio of internal porosity in a thickness up to 0.12% of membrane thickness from a topmost surface of a surface at a filtration feed side relative to surface porosity of the surface at the filtration feed side is 1.05 or more.

A metal-organic framework material separation membrane and a preparation method for the metal-organic framework material separation membrane are provided. The metal-organic framework material separation membrane has a base membrane and a metal-organic framework material functional layer. The metal-organic framework material functional layer comprises has an inter-embedded polyhedron structure. The preparation metal-organic framework material separation membrane includes the steps of: (1) preparing a solution containing a first organic solvent, an organic ligand, a metal compound, and an auxiliary agent; (2) subjecting a base membrane to a pretreatment, involving introducing, on the surface of the base membrane, metal atoms from the metal compound of step (1); and (3) mixing the pretreated base membrane of step (2) with the solution of step (1) to obtain a first mixture, and then heating the first mixture for reaction, so as to prepare a metal-organic framework material separation membrane.

The present disclosure discloses a preparation method of an organosilica/ceramic composite membrane with a gradient pore structure. The preparation method comprises: (1) selecting a porous ceramic material as a membrane support layer; (2) gradually replacing a solvent with water to prepare zirconium colloidal sols with different particle sizes, and successively coating the prepared zirconium colloidal sols onto a ceramic support from large to small so as to form a membrane transition layer with a gradient pore structure; and (3) catalytically synthesizing an organosilica polymeric sol using hydrochloric acid, coating the prepared organosilica sol onto the preheated transition layer through ultrasonic thermal spraying to undergo heat treatment, so as to prepare the organosilica/ceramic composite membrane with the gradient pore structure. According to the present disclosure, the transition layer with the gradient pore structure is prepared by using the zirconium colloidal sols with different particle sizes. An ultrathin defect-free organosilica separation layer is prepared through ultrasonic thermal spraying. As a result, the obtained organosilica/ceramic composite membrane can be applied to the fields of salt-containing dye wastewater treatment and polypeptide bioactive substance separation.

The present disclosure provides devices and methods for obtaining protein-enriched fractions from human milk. As provided herein, the present disclosure encompasses a device, comprising a delipidation unit for reducing lipid content in the human or animal milk to obtain delipidated milk and a protein-enrichment unit for increasing a protein concentration of the delipidated milk to obtain the protein-enriched fraction.

A high-flux silicon carbide ceramic filter membrane and a preparation method thereof are provided. In the preparation method, a separation layer is directly coated at a time on the basis of a support, that is, after the support is sintered, the separation layer is directly coated and then sintered for carbon removal. In the present disclosure, a sintering process and a coating formula are optimized to prevent fine silicon carbide particles from entering micropores of a support due to capillary filtration and film formation during coating, such that a separation layer with an average pore size of 0.2 m or less can be directly coated on a silicon carbide support with an average pore size of 10 m or more, and fine silicon carbide particles can be effectively prevented from entering micropores of the support during the coating.