The present disclosure describes a process for separating at least a first gas component and a second gas component by contacting a gas stream comprising the first and second gas components with a carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membrane under aggressive gas separation conditions in which the partial pressure of the selectively sorbed gas component in the gas stream is high. Despite the high partial pressure of the sorbed gas component, the selectivity of the carbon molecular sieve membrane is not substantially reduced by plasticization or saturation. In some embodiments, the aggressive gas separation process may include contacting a gas stream at supercritical conditions with a CMS membrane to separate at least first and second gas components. The process may be useful for, among other things, the separation of CO.sub.2 from a natural gas stream.

The invention relates to membrane gas separation, in particular to a method of fractionating mixtures of low molecular weight hydrocarbons based on the capillary condensation of the mixture components in the pores of microporous membranes having uniform porosity and a pore diameter of 5 to 250 nm, wherein, for capillary condensation, the temperature of the membrane and the pressure on the permeate side are kept below the temperature and the pressure of the feed mixture. The method provides significantly increasing membrane permeability with respect to condensable components, and also component separation factors, while also allowing to avoid deep cooling of the gas stream fed to a membrane module, and to carry out gas separation under insignificant cooling of the membrane on the permeate side (down to -50? C.). The invention provides for energy-efficient fractionation of hydrocarbon mixtures, including separation and drying of natural and associated petroleum gases.

A method of making depth filtration media, such as for use in a depth filter, are described. The resulting depth filtration media includes a core tube having two or more different layers. The layers can be fibers, such as polymeric or inorganic fibers, wrapped layers of a filter material, or pleated and folded layers of a filter material.

A gas sensor including a substrate, an output layer, a sensing layer, and a nanoporous polymer film is provided. The output layer is disposed on the substrate. The sensing layer is disposed on the output layer. The nanoporous polymer film is disposed on the sensing layer.

There is provided a method of concentrating functional biological components within a liquid suspension, the method comprising: providing a system comprising an ultrafiltration/concentration unit (UCU), the UCU comprising a first chamber for receiving therein the liquid suspension. a second chamber for receiving therein the filtrate, and a filter disposed in a fluid path therebetween. the filter comprising pores sizes so as to prevent passage therethrough of the biological components: introducing the liquid suspension into the first chamber: maintaining a pressure in the first chamber being no greater than approximately 2 bar; maintaining a pressure in the second chamber being lower than that of the first chamber: and harvesting the concentrated biological components: wherein a retentate is obtained in which the concentration of the biological components therewithin is increased. relative to the liquid suspension. by a factor of at least fifty. and wherein a majority of the biological components in the retentate are functional.

Disclosed is a system and method for isolating large quantities of viable, undamaged exosomes from liquid, cell-free mesenchymal stem cell cultures using tangential flow filtration.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a porous membrane that has both high water permeability and excellent protein fractionation performance. Provided is a method for producing a porous membrane, said method comprising a step for discharging a membrane-forming dope that contains a hydrophilic polymer from a slit formed in a mouthpiece, and a step for, after the passage of the discharged membrane-forming dope through a dry part, solidifying the membrane-forming dope in a coagulation bath to give a porous membrane, wherein the cross-section area of the slit is 3-30 times inclusive as large as the cross-section area of the solidified porous membrane.

The invention relates to the field of membrane gas separation and can be used for the energy-efficient fractionation of hydrocarbon mixtures, including separation and drying of natural and associated petroleum gases. Proposed is a method of fractionating mixtures of low molecular weight hydrocarbons which is based on the capillary condensation of the components of a mixture in the pores of microporous membranes with uniform porosity and a pore diameter in a range of 5 to 250 nm, wherein, for capillary condensation, the temperature of the membrane and the pressure on the permeate side are kept below the temperature and the pressure of the feed mixture such that the equilibrium pressure of the saturated vapors of the separated components on the permeate side is lower than the partial pressure of the components in the feed stream. This method makes it possible to significantly increase membrane permeability with respect to condensable components (over 500 m.sup.3/(m.sup.2.Math.atm.Math.h) for n-butane), and also component separation factors (the n-C.sub.4H.sub.10/CH.sub.4 separation factor is greater than 60 for a mixture having an associated petroleum gas composition), while also making it possible to dispense with deep cooling of the gas stream fed to a membrane module, and to carry out gas separation under insignificant cooling of the membrane on the permeate side (down to ?50? C.) For more effective gas separation, permeate is collected in a liquid state. A technical effect of the invention resides in providing a method that makes it possible to efficiently remove high-boiling hydrocarbons (C.sub.3-C.sub.6) from natural gas and associated petroleum gases, as well as to obtain gas mixtures with a constant composition.

Green liquor clarification comprising filtering of a flowing suspension containing solids, wherein the suspension is brought into contact with a first filter unit (4), said 5 filter unit (4) comprising one or several filter elements (12) comprising one or several filter bodies (3) having filter channels (33) within the filter bodies (3) with a filtering layer (32), a part of the suspension is forced to pass through the filtering layer (32) from a first/inner surface (32A) to a second/outer surface (32B) of the filtering layer (32) forming a filtrate while the solids substantially remains in a residual part of the suspension forming a slurry and where the filtering layer (32) is made of a membrane material with pores, said pores having a pore size of 0.1-10 micrometer, more preferred 0.1-5 micrometer and most preferred 0.2-1.0 micrometer.

A method of making a polyimide membrane includes mixing dianhydride and phenylenediamine monomers in a first solvent to form a mixture; heating the mixture thereby polymerizing to form a polyimide polymer in a crude mixture; precipitating and separating the polyimide polymer from the crude mixture; mixing and dissolving the polyimide polymer in a second solvent to form a polyimide solution; applying the polyimide solution onto a surface of a substrate to form a polyimide liquid layer on the substrate; immersing the substrate after the applying in at least one liquid medium selected from the group consisting of water and alcohol, thereby precipitating the polyimide polymer from the polyimide solution to form the polyimide membrane disposed on the surface of the substrate. A desalination system containing the polyimide membrane, and a desalination process.