The present invention discloses a method for proppant suspension and suspension parameter optimization based on bubble bridge effect, comprising: select a proppant and hydrophobically modify its surface to obtain a hydrophobically surface-modified proppant; prepare a bubbly fracturing base fluid; make the first optimization of the base fluids according to the average radius of the proppant and the average radius of the bubbles of the base fluids; optimally select the base fluids selected for the second time according to the interaction energy between the proppant particle and the bubble after the hydrophobically surface-modified proppant mixed with the base fluid; the basic parameters of the bubbly fracturing base fluid selected at the third time were used for the perfect selection for proppant suspension. The present invention establishes a procedure on experimental evaluation and parameter calculation optimization by suspending fracturing proppant with the bubble bridge effect on the hydrophobic surface.

The present invention discloses a method for proppant suspension and suspension parameter optimization based on bubble bridge effect, comprising: select a proppant and hydrophobically modify its surface to obtain a hydrophobically surface-modified proppant; prepare a bubbly fracturing base fluid; make the first optimization of the base fluids according to the average radius of the proppant and the average radius of the bubbles of the base fluids; optimally select the base fluids selected for the second time according to the interaction energy between the proppant particle and the bubble after the hydrophobically surface-modified proppant mixed with the base fluid; the basic parameters of the bubbly fracturing base fluid selected at the third time were used for the perfect selection for proppant suspension. The present invention establishes a procedure on experimental evaluation and parameter calculation optimization by suspending fracturing proppant with the bubble bridge effect on the hydrophobic surface.

An aerator for treating wastewater is configured to produce air bubbles to mix and circulate wastewater within a treatment facility. Additionally, the aerator is configured to inject additive into the wastewater at the same time as the air bubbles are being produced, so that roiling of the air bubbles and/or circulation induced by the air bubbles rising within the water column facilitates mixing of the additive with the wastewater.

An elongate diffuser (10) comprises a diffuser body (30), and a membrane (20) attached so that introduction of gas at a working pressure into the diffuser displaces part of the membrane (20) from contact with the diffuser body (10) providing an elongate sealed compartment (50) between the membrane (20) and a surface (32) of the diffuser body (30). The gas can pass from the compartment (50) through the membrane (20) for aeration of fluid in which the diffuser (10) is immersed. The diffuser body surface (32) which bounds the compartment (50) is recessed away from the membrane (20) in use, to contribute to the lateral cross sectional area of the compartment (50) and facilitate distribution of gas along the diffuser by the compartment (50). An automatic purge valve for purging water from a gas feed pipe of a diffuser is also disclosed.

Disclosed herein is a device and methods for enhancing oil separation from produced water. One such method includes mixing a multiphase fluid having at least a water phase and an oil phase with a flotation gas, according to at least one operating condition, so as to produce an enhanced multiphase fluid having bubbles of the flotation gas therein. The oil phase is then separated from the water phase using a separator. At least one property associated with the enhanced multiphase fluid is monitored. The operating condition is adjusted as a function of the monitored property so as to increase a percentage of the oil phase separated from the water phase by the separator over a percentage of the oil phase that would be separated from the water phase without adjustment of the operating condition.

Disclosed herein is a device and methods for enhancing oil separation from produced water. One such method includes mixing a multiphase fluid having at least a water phase and an oil phase with a flotation gas, according to at least one operating condition, so as to produce an enhanced multiphase fluid having bubbles of the flotation gas therein. The oil phase is then separated from the water phase using a separator. At least one property associated with the enhanced multiphase fluid is monitored. The operating condition is adjusted as a function of the monitored property so as to increase a percentage of the oil phase separated from the water phase by the separator over a percentage of the oil phase that would be separated from the water phase without adjustment of the operating condition.

An aerator device and a filter system including the same are provided. The aerator device includes: a housing having an inner cavity defined therein, the housing including at least one sidewall and an upper surface connected to the at least one sidewall; a first partition formed within the inner cavity and extending from an upper end to a lower end to define a first cavity and a second cavity; and a second partition formed within the inner cavity between the first partition and a first sidewall of the at least one sidewall and extending from an upper end to a lower end to define a first chamber and a second chamber of the second cavity, and the housing includes an inlet opening communicating with the first cavity and an outlet opening communicating with the second chamber, and the second chamber gradually narrows towards the upper surface of the housing.

A carbonation machine includes a rotatable carbonation head including at least one pressure release valve, a carbonation tube connectable via piping to a gas canister and a flange for engaging a neck of a bottle filled with liquid to be carbonated by screwing the neck into or onto the flange to firmly hold the bottle with the carbonation tube maintained inside the bottle, and for disengaging the neck of the bottle from the flange by unscrewing the neck off the flange. The rotatable carbonation head is configured, when screwing the neck into or onto the flange, to be rotated from a release position to a lock position, and is configured, when unscrewing the neck off the flange, to be rotated from the lock position to the release position. In the release position said at least one pressure release valve is operated to open so as to release excess pressure if such excess pressure exists in the bottle, and in the lock position said at least one pressure valve remains closed.

A method and apparatus for producing hydrogen gas whereby a nanobubble generator introduces nanobubbles at a concentration of at least 10.sup.7 nanobubbles per cm.sup.3 into an electrolytic cell comprising a pair of electrodes and a hydrogen-containing, electrolyzable liquid, and the electrolytic cell is operated to produce hydrogen gas.

A fine bubble generating apparatus has a storage tank, a liquid feeding unit suctioning and feeding liquid stored in the storage tank, a gas discharge unit discharging gas into the liquid which is being fed by the liquid feeding unit, and a storage tank. The gas discharge unit includes a gas discharge member with pores having pore diameters of 1.5 μm or less, and a base member having a groove formed in a surface contacting the gas discharge surface of the gas discharge member. The liquid feeding unit moves the liquid along the gas discharge surface of the gas discharge member by causing the liquid to flow in a flow channel enclosed by the gas discharge surface of the gas discharge member and the groove of the base member such that a velocity relative to the gas discharge member is not less than 1 msec.