The present disclosure provides a chemical solution preparation system and method. The chemical solution preparation system includes: a first mixing system, configured to mix a first chemical solution and a first diluent to obtain a first mixture; a second mixing system, configured to mix a second chemical solution and a second diluent to obtain a second mixture; a third mixing system, configured to mix the first mixture, the second mixture, and a third diluent to obtain a third mixture; an output system, configured to output the third mixture to a spray apparatus of the chemical mechanical polishing device; a sampling system, configured to collect a sample of the third mixture output from the output system; and a monitoring system, configured to monitor a status of the first mixture, a status of the second mixture, and a status of the third mixture.

A fine bubble generator may include an inlet into which gas-dissolved water in which gas is dissolved flows, an outlet out of which the gas-dissolved water flows; and a fine bubble generation portion disposed between the inlet and the outlet. The fine bubble generation portion may include a venturi portion including a diameter-reducing flow path and a diameter-increasing flow path, wherein a flow path diameter of the diameter-reducing flow path reduces from upstream to downstream, and the flow path diameter of the diameter-increasing flow path increases from upstream to downstream, a discharging flow path configured to discharge the gas-dissolved water, which flowed out of the venturi portion, out of the fine bubble generation portion; and a recirculation flow path connecting a midstream of the outflow path and the venturi portion.

An insert device includes a first coupling body inserted into an engine cylinder head. The first coupling body extends around a center axis to define a first interior volume of the first coupling body that is shaped to receive a distal tip of a fuel injector. The insert device includes a second mixing body coupled with the first coupling body and extending around the center axis. The second mixing body includes conduits that receive fuel from the fuel injector and air from a combustion chamber, combine the fuel with the air, and direct the fuel-air mixture into the combustion chamber. The first coupling body has a first end surface positioned to face the cylinder head and the first coupling body is tapered such that an outer diameter of the first coupling body is larger toward the first end surface than toward the second mixing body.

A sparging device, especially for use in a bioprocess, including a medium chamber and at least one gas chamber. The gas chamber at least partially surrounds the medium chamber, or the medium chamber at least partially surrounds the gas chamber. The medium chamber and the gas chamber are separated from each other by a wall. The wall has a plurality of through-holes or is composed of a porous material, such as a membrane or a porous ceramic. The sparging device further includes at least one gas inlet port opening into the gas chamber for inflow of gas.

A sparging device, especially for use in a bioprocess, including a medium chamber and at least one gas chamber. The gas chamber at least partially surrounds the medium chamber, or the medium chamber at least partially surrounds the gas chamber. The medium chamber and the gas chamber are separated from each other by a wall. The wall has a plurality of through-holes or is composed of a porous material, such as a membrane or a porous ceramic. The sparging device further includes at least one gas inlet port opening into the gas chamber for inflow of gas.

A transportable system for creating an ORP in water includes an ozone supply unit and a manifold housed in separate enclosures on a wheeled frame. The ozone supply unit feeds into the manifold which contains a plurality of fluid paths and has one or more ozone intake ports. The ozone intake ports are fluidically coupled to one or more ozone output ports of the ozone supply unit. The manifold includes flow switches configured to transmit control signals to one or more controllers of the ozone supply unit in response to sensing a flow of water through the fluid paths in order to cause the ozone supply unit to generate ozone. The manifold also includes fluid mixers that are fluidically coupled to the ozone intake ports and configured to introduce the ozone generated by the ozone supply unit into the water flowing through the fluid paths.

Systems and methods are described for supplying a rinsing liquid including ultrapure water and an ammonia gas. The system includes an ultrapure water source and a gas mixture source in fluid communication with a contactor. The gas mixture includes ammonia gas and a carrier gas. The system includes a control unit configured to adjust a flow rate of the ultrapure water source such that an operational pressure of the contactor remains below a pressure threshold. The system includes a compressor configured to remove a residual transfer gas out of the contactor. The contactor generates a rinsing liquid having ultrapure water and a concentration of the ammonia gas dissolved therein. The system includes a pump in fluid communication between the contactor and an outlet. The pump is configured to deliver the rinsing liquid having a gaseous partial pressure below the pressure threshold at the outlet.

A method of obtaining a numerical model is disclosed. The numerical model correlates estimated capillary tube output diameter values to minimum pressure for gas bubble generation (MPGBG) values. An MPGBG value of each capillary tube in the reference group is measured for a liquid. An output diameter of each of the capillary tubes is measured by a microscope apparatus. A numerical model that correlates estimated capillary tube output diameter values to MPGBG values for the liquid is calculated. A method of estimating an output diameter of a capillary tube includes the following steps. An MPGBG value of the capillary tube for a liquid is measured, and the measured MPGBG value is input into the numerical model to estimate the capillary tube output diameter value. Other methods include a method of estimating an output diameter value of a capillary tube in a test group, a method of estimating and storing output diameter values of capillary tubes in a test group, methods of selecting at least one capillary tube from a plurality of capillary tubes in a test group, and a method of cutting a capillary tube to a desired estimated capillary tube output diameter value.

A method of obtaining a numerical model is disclosed. The numerical model correlates estimated capillary tube output diameter values to minimum pressure for gas bubble generation (MPGBG) values. An MPGBG value of each capillary tube in the reference group is measured for a liquid. An output diameter of each of the capillary tubes is measured by a microscope apparatus. A numerical model that correlates estimated capillary tube output diameter values to MPGBG values for the liquid is calculated. A method of estimating an output diameter of a capillary tube includes the following steps. An MPGBG value of the capillary tube for a liquid is measured, and the measured MPGBG value is input into the numerical model to estimate the capillary tube output diameter value. Other methods include a method of estimating an output diameter value of a capillary tube in a test group, a method of estimating and storing output diameter values of capillary tubes in a test group, methods of selecting at least one capillary tube from a plurality of capillary tubes in a test group, and a method of cutting a capillary tube to a desired estimated capillary tube output diameter value.

A microbubble treatment agent cartridge assembly and washing equipment having the microbubble treatment agent cartridge assembly. The microbubble treatment agent cartridge assembly includes a housing and a treatment agent cartridge accommodated in the housing. The housing is provided with at least one water inlet pipe portion. The at least one water inlet pipe portion is provided internally with at least one stage of diameter-decreasing tapered portion and a microbubble former, and the pipe wall thereof is further provided with an air inlet hole. The air inlet hole is positioned between the at least one stage of diameter-decreasing tapered portion and the microbubble former, and communicates with an air inlet pipe disposed on the housing. The top of the most downstream stage of diameter-decreasing tapered portion is provided with a spray hole. The spray hole enables the water flow flowing through the at least one stage of diameter-decreasing tapered portion.