A valvular conduit, preferably a Tesla valvular conduit, in which a plug member is coaxially received within a bore in a sleeve member and in which passageways are defined between the plug member and the sleeve member within interior walls configured to permit mixing of fluid flowing through the passageways in at least one direction, preferably, the relatively free passage of fluid through the passageways upstream but increased the resistance to downstream flow of the fluid through each passageway.

A valvular conduit, preferably a Tesla valvular conduit, in which a plug member is coaxially received within a bore in a sleeve member and in which passageways are defined between the plug member and the sleeve member within interior walls configured to permit mixing of fluid flowing through the passageways in at least one direction, preferably, the relatively free passage of fluid through the passageways upstream but increased the resistance to downstream flow of the fluid through each passageway.

The invention relates to a pack (100) for preparing a food or beverage product from one or more food or beverage ingredients comprising an insert (10) and a container (20) where the ingredient or ingredients are stored, the insert (10) comprising at least a fluid inlet (110) configured for introducing an aqueous fluid under the form of a jet in the inner volume of the pack, the insert (10) further comprising at least an air conduit (130) configured to allow introducing air from the exterior of the pack and into the inner volume of the said pack through at least an air nozzle (132). The at least one fluid inlet (110) communicates with a depression chamber (200) through at least one liquid nozzle (120) in order to create a jet from a pressurized fluid introduced through the fluid inlet (110). The invention further relates to the use of a pack as described for preparing a food or beverage product.

The invention relates to a pack (100) for preparing a food or beverage product from one or more food or beverage ingredients comprising an insert (10) and a container (20) where the ingredient or ingredients are stored, the insert (10) comprising at least a fluid inlet (110) configured for introducing an aqueous fluid under the form of a jet in the inner volume of the pack, the insert (10) further comprising at least an air conduit (130) configured to allow introducing air from the exterior of the pack and into the inner volume of the said pack through at least an air nozzle (132). The at least one fluid inlet (110) communicates with a depression chamber (200) through at least one liquid nozzle (120) in order to create a jet from a pressurized fluid introduced through the fluid inlet (110). The invention further relates to the use of a pack as described for preparing a food or beverage product.

A foam dispenser having a metal housing has a spool valve socket therein. A metal handle extends from the housing. A spool valve is disposable within the spool valve socket. A trigger couplable to the spool valve enables the spool valve to be rotated between open and closed orientations within the housing. The spool valve has internal channels for selectively passing liquids through the spool valve in the open orientation and not in the closed orientation. The spool valve also has a channel for selectively passing a gas through the spool valve in both the open and closed orientations.

A foam dispenser having a metal housing has a spool valve socket therein. A metal handle extends from the housing. A spool valve is disposable within the spool valve socket. A trigger couplable to the spool valve enables the spool valve to be rotated between open and closed orientations within the housing. The spool valve has internal channels for selectively passing liquids through the spool valve in the open orientation and not in the closed orientation. The spool valve also has a channel for selectively passing a gas through the spool valve in both the open and closed orientations.

An apparatus for mixing a liquid or pasty product. The apparatus comprises a first housing part (11) and a second housing part (12) assembled together. The assembly of the first housing part (11) and the second housing (12) part forms•—a housing inner space (17) between an inlet (4) and an outlet (5), •—a cooling jacket (7) for circulation of a coolant fluid around the housing inner space (17), and•—a buffer jacket (9) for circulation of a clean fluid, the buffer jacket (9) being formed between the cooling jacket (7) and the housing inner space (17). The buffer jacket protects the mixed product from contamination by the coolant fluid. It also facilitates detection of leakage between the housing inner space and the buffer jacket. The invention also relates to a corresponding method.

One object is to generate, without the need for a motive power source and a high level of machining accuracy, micro-bubbles containing a large amount of fine air bubbles. Another object is to provide a micro-bubble generator that switches between micro-bubble water, which contains micro-bubbles, and foamed water containing a large amount of air and having a tender texture. The micro-bubble generator includes: a water passage that includes a smaller diameter portion and a larger diameter portion disposed on the downstream side of the smaller diameter portion; an air inlet disposed in the larger diameter portion and an elastic body disposed in the air inlet and configured to isolate the water passage from external air. The elastic body is compressible by negative pressure generated in the water passage, causing the external air to be sucked into the water passage through the air inlet and over the compressed elastic body.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to apparatus and methods for foam generation, and to apparatus and methods for evaluation of foam systems. In an embodiment, a method of analyzing foam properties includes delivering a foaming composition and a gas to a housing at a pressure of 500 psi to 6,000 psi and a temperature of 35° C. to 150° C., the housing containing an unconsolidated porous media. The method further includes flowing the foaming composition and the gas through the housing, and forming a foam by an interaction of the foaming composition, the gas, and the unconsolidated porous media. The method further includes directing the foam from the housing to a visualization chamber, the visualization chamber in fluid communication with the housing, and measuring a foam characteristic via the visualization chamber. The characteristic may include foam half-life, pressure drop through the unconsolidated media, and/or apparent viscosity of the foam.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to apparatus and methods for foam generation, and to apparatus and methods for evaluation of foam systems. In an embodiment, a method of analyzing foam properties includes delivering a foaming composition and a gas to a housing at a pressure of 500 psi to 6,000 psi and a temperature of 35° C. to 150° C., the housing containing an unconsolidated porous media. The method further includes flowing the foaming composition and the gas through the housing, and forming a foam by an interaction of the foaming composition, the gas, and the unconsolidated porous media. The method further includes directing the foam from the housing to a visualization chamber, the visualization chamber in fluid communication with the housing, and measuring a foam characteristic via the visualization chamber. The characteristic may include foam half-life, pressure drop through the unconsolidated media, and/or apparent viscosity of the foam.