The inventions cover systems and methods for generation of emulsions having suitable clarity without requiring refractive index matching between emulsion components. Systems can include: a substrate including a set of openings; a reservoir facing the substrate at a first side and containing a sample fluid configured for droplet formation upon interacting with the set of openings of the substrate; and a collecting container facing the substrate at a second side and containing a set of fluid layers configured with a density gradient and suitable immiscibility characteristics. One or more components of the system(s) can support methods for emulsion generation, in relation to enabling interactions between multiple continuous phases and a dispersed droplet phase to generate clear emulsions. Applications of the inventions(s) can include performance of droplet-based digital PCR in an improved manner (e.g., without requiring implementation of correction factors based upon Poisson statistics).

There is described a method of preparing solid particles of a compound, said method comprising controlling provision of a liquid phase, wherein said liquid phase comprises a solution of the compound, in a first flow direction to a membrane, said membrane defining a plurality of pores; and controlling the supersaturation of the liquid phase after it has passed through the membrane via the plurality of pores, to form solid particles of the compound. The method may comprise a continuous method.

There is described a method of preparing solid particles of a compound, said method comprising controlling provision of a liquid phase, wherein said liquid phase comprises a solution of the compound, in a first flow direction to a membrane, said membrane defining a plurality of pores; and controlling the supersaturation of the liquid phase after it has passed through the membrane via the plurality of pores, to form solid particles of the compound. The method may comprise a continuous method.

The system may be a device that allows for mixture of an additive to a substance in a line of flow. The system may include a hydration pack with a reservoir that may contain a first substance, such as water. The system may include a cartridge with an additive that is mixed to the line of flow through a Venturi which may include a rolling seal that is manipulated with a dial a user manipulates to adjust the amount of additive added to the line of flow. The mixed liquid may then be accessed through a hose from the system to a mouth piece. The system may be modular to allow a user to replace the cartridge by disengaging a first component and a second component of the system through a buckling mechanism and replacing the cartridge within the second component. The cartridges may be reusable, recyclable or disposable.

In drug mixing devices of disclosed embodiments, a main flow path extending from one end configured to allow liquid inside the first container to enter the main flow path therethrough to another end configured to allow liquid inside the second container to enter the main flow path therethrough, and a branch flow path branching from the main flow path are formed. The drug mixing device includes a body including a first connection part configured to be coupled with the first container and a second connection part configured to be coupled with the second container, and a backflow prevention part disposed in a partial flow path of the main flow path extending to the one end with reference to the connection point of the main flow path and the branch flow path, the backflow prevention part being configured to prevent liquid from flowing from the connection point to the one end.

In drug mixing devices of disclosed embodiments, a main flow path extending from one end configured to allow liquid inside the first container to enter the main flow path therethrough to another end configured to allow liquid inside the second container to enter the main flow path therethrough, and a branch flow path branching from the main flow path are formed. The drug mixing device includes a body including a first connection part configured to be coupled with the first container and a second connection part configured to be coupled with the second container, and a backflow prevention part disposed in a partial flow path of the main flow path extending to the one end with reference to the connection point of the main flow path and the branch flow path, the backflow prevention part being configured to prevent liquid from flowing from the connection point to the one end.

A proportioner having a body portion that defines a foam passage and a fluid passage. The proportioner also includes a restrictor assembly having a restrictor disk and an orifice plate having an opening for receiving the restrictor disk. The proportioner can further include a rod member connected to the restrictor disk and a clapper assembly connected to the rod member via a sliding interface. The clapper assembly can be configured to control a flow of the foam concentrate through the foam passage in proportion to a flow of the fire protection fluid through the fluid passage by moving the rod member to vary the distance between the restrictor disk and the orifice plate. The sliding interface can be disposed between a first guide and a second guide, and at least a portion of the restrictor disk is deposed in the opening.

A fluid mixing device includes a plurality of nozzles, each having a converging chamber, at least one chemical injection port, a diverging chamber, a nozzle throat, and an adjustable self-opening valve. The fluid mixing device provides for improvements in mixing fluids.

A fluid preparation system includes a tank, a chemical supply line, a mixer, and a deionized (DI) water supply line. The tank contains a first chemical solution. The chemical supply line is coupled to the tank and configured to supply the first chemical solution. The mixer is coupled to the tank. The DI water supply line is coupled to the mixer and configured to supply DI water. The first chemicals solution and the DI water are mixed at the mixer to generate a second chemical solution.

A mixing apparatus includes a phosphoric acid aqueous solution supply, an additive supply, a tank, a phosphoric acid aqueous solution supply path and an additive supply path. The phosphoric acid aqueous solution supply is configured to supply a phosphoric acid aqueous solution. The additive supply is configured to supply an additive configured to suppress precipitation of a silicon oxide. The phosphoric acid aqueous solution supply path is configured to connect the phosphoric acid aqueous solution supply with the tank. The additive supply path is configured to connect the additive supply with the tank. The additive is supplied while fluidity is imparted to the phosphoric acid aqueous solution supplied from the phosphoric acid aqueous solution supply into the tank.