A liquid asphalt heating and mixing system having a double helix heat exchanger positioned within a liquid asphalt storage vessel and being connected to a fluid heater and circulator to feed hot oil through said heat exchanger for heating liquid asphalt within the storage vessel. An eductor mixer is centrally aligned longitudinally with the heat exchanger with an intake end positioned interiorly of the heat exchanger and a discharge end directed away from the heat exchanger. A liquid asphalt pump is connected to the eductor mixer and to the storage vessel to pump liquid asphalt from the storage vessel, through the eductor mixer and back to the storage vessel.

A method and system for blending natural gas liquids into liquid hydrocarbons may include using multiple blending tanks with internal mixer eductors, a plurality of analyzers, and, optionally, a recirculation tank, wherein natural gas liquid may be added into the system at each blending tank, creating a more accurately mixed final product.

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can convert feedstock materials to a sugar solution, which can then be fermented to produce ethanol. Biomass feedstock is saccharified in a vessel by operation of a jet mixer, the vessel also containing a fluid medium and a saccharifying agent.

Bioreactors are disclosed that include a vessel, a jet mixing system comprising a plurality of jet flow agitators disposed in the vessel, each jet flow agitator comprising a shaft, a shroud surrounding the shaft, the shaft having a bore and a plurality of orifices in communication with the bore, and an impeller mounted on the shaft within the shroud, and a gas delivery system configured to supply a process gas to the vessel through the bore such that the gas exits the orifices. The vessel may include a vent, and the gas delivery system may include a source of oxygen in communication with the vessel, an oxygen monitor configured to monitor the oxygen content of a liquid in the vessel, and a controller configured to adjust the oxygen content of the liquid, using the vent and oxygen source, in response to input from the oxygen monitor.

The present disclosure provides a method for processing a fluorine-containing aqueous solution. The method comprises a reaction step for mixing in a vertical direction the fluorine-containing aqueous solution and a disiloxane compound represented by a general formula R.sub.aR.sub.bR.sub.cSiOSiR.sub.dR.sub.eR.sub.f, wherein R.sub.a, R.sub.b, R.sub.c, R.sub.d, R.sub.e and R.sub.f are selected independently from each other from a group consisting of a phenyl group and an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and hydrogen, to react a fluorine ion in the fluorine-containing aqueous solution with the disiloxane compound, obtaining a first reaction liquid containing a monofluorosilane compound represented by general formulas R.sub.aR.sub.bR.sub.cSiF and R.sub.dR.sub.eR.sub.fSiF.

An apparatus for converting a dry material into a liquid concentrate includes a mixing vessel having an outlet opening, a dispenser for dispensing a predetermined weight of a dry material at a predetermined drop rate onto a predetermined drop location within the vessel, an inlet pipe connectable to a source of liquid for introducing a liquid into the vessel; a sensor for sensing the volume of liquid within the vessel; a pump for supplying a pressurized flow of recirculating liquid to the vessel; and a first, a second and a third agitating nozzle mounted within the vessel. Each agitating nozzle is operative to produce a jet of liquid oriented in a predetermined direction within the vessel. The nozzles are cooperable to generate within the vessel a moving body of liquid into which a dry material dispensed into the vessel is able to dissolve or to disperse.

A generation apparatus for dissolving gas in liquid includes a sealed dissolving tank, a gas supply tube, a liquid supply set, and a fluid nozzle, wherein the sealed dissolving tank having a liquid inlet tube and a liquid outlet tube; a gas chamber formed inside the tank above liquid level; the gas supply tube supplying gas into gas chamber; the fluid nozzle disposed inside the tank; the liquid supply set supplying liquid to the fluid nozzle; the fluid nozzle disposed with at least a gas inlet and at least a liquid bubble inlet at different locations on shell wall; the gas inlet connected to a gas tube to the gas chamber, and the liquid bubble inlet located below the liquid level inside the tank. As such, the fluid nozzle performs at least two dissolving operations to miniaturize the bubbles to increase contact surface and improve dissolving efficiency.

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can convert feedstock materials to a sugar solution, which can then be fermented to produce ethanol. Biomass feedstock is saccharified in a vessel by operation of a jet mixer, the vessel also containing a fluid medium and a saccharifying agent.

A method of recycling unused gases in a water aeration process includes providing a confined plunging liquid jet reactor system; producing a water jet at an outlet of a nozzle; entraining air in the water jet as the water jet flows from the outlet of the nozzle to obtain an entrained air water jet; entraining oxygen in the entrained air water jet to obtain an entrained oxygen air water jet; flowing the entrained oxygen air water jet into a water in a fluid reservoir thereby forming small water bubbles as the entrained oxygen air water jet penetrates into the water; forming large water bubbles as the small water bubbles ascend toward the surface layer of the water; and recycling unused gases under a hood by flowing the unused gases toward the outlet of the nozzle, thereby entraining the unused gases in the entrained air water jet.

An exhaust gas system for an internal combustion engine includes an exhaust gas treatment unit, an exhaust gas guide conducting exhaust gas to the exhaust gas treatment unit and a reactant discharge unit for the discharge of reactant into the exhaust gas guide. The exhaust gas guide includes an outer pipe and an inner pipe in a longitudinal region between the reactant discharge unit and the exhaust gas treatment unit. An external volume through which exhaust gas can flow and an internal volume through which exhaust gas can flow in the inner pipe are provided.