A caffeine reduction apparatus includes: a main housing provided with an inlet and outlet pipe; a mixing portion including an accommodating portion through which coffee grounds are input inside the accommodating portion, and a blade configured to be rotated inside the accommodating portion such that the coffee grounds are mixed; a driving portion configured to rotate the blade; and an ultraviolet ray emitting portion positioned at an upper portion of the main housing and mounted at an inner side surface of a door that seals an inner portion of the mixing portion, the ultraviolet ray emitting portion being configured to emit ultraviolet rays toward the mixing portion.

An apparatus (2) for dissolving a gas into a liquid includes a liquid inlet (4) for supplying liquid into the apparatus, a gas inlet (6) for supplying gas into the liquid within the apparatus and a venturi (52) arranged to dissolve the gas into the liquid passing through the venturi. The apparatus also includes an outlet (18) for the liquid and dissolved gas downstream of the venturi. At least part of the liquid inlet, at least part of the gas inlet, at least part of the venturi and at least part of the outlet are formed in an integrally formed piece of material (42).

A wine aeration device and methods of aerating wine that draw wine from the bottom ⅓ of the container into an aeration chamber where the wine undergoes a first phase of aeration. The wine continues through a return tube into the container where it undergoes a second phase of aeration by way of multiple slits in the return tube causing a venturi effect on the flowing wine.

The present invention describes methods, systems, and apparatuses for controlled delivery of wellbore fluids including analysis and treatment within the methods, systems, and apparatuses themselves.

A chemical liquid preparation method of preparing a chemical liquid for treating a film formed on a substrate, including a gas dissolving process in which an oxygen-containing gas and an inert-gas-containing gas are dissolved in the chemical liquid by supplying the oxygen-containing gas which contains oxygen gas and the inert-gas-containing gas which contains an inert gas to a chemical liquid, wherein in the gas dissolving process, a dissolved oxygen concentration in the chemical liquid is adjusted by setting a mixing ratio between the oxygen-containing gas and the inert-gas-containing gas supplied to the chemical liquid as a mixing ratio corresponding to a predetermined target dissolved oxygen concentration.

Methods and systems for chromatography are disclosed that employ a flexible container configured to fit within a support structure and adapted to receive a filtration or absorptive medium. The flexible container can include at least one inlet, at least one outlet, and a separation barrier peripherally sealed within the container to separate the container into a resin containing portion and a drainage portion. The barrier can be configured to exclude the resin material from the drainage portion while allowing fluids to pass therethrough. The disposable chromatography system can further include one or more agitators disposed within the flexible container and adjustably configured to be raised or lowered in the flexible container. When the agitator is in the raised position, the resin packing material can operate in a settled, packed-bed configuration. Alternatively, the agitator in the lowered position permits the chromatography resin packing material to operate in a mixed, slurry configuration.

An apparatus for producing a blended alcoholic beverage includes a blender having first and second conduits for carrying respective first and second beverage ingredients, and corresponding flow-control valves for each conduit. These first and second conduits connect to a third conduit to form a blended stream that comprises the first ingredient and the second ingredient. An infrared sensor measures infrared absorption in the blended stream and provides a first signal to a controller that controls the flow-control valves based at least in part on the first signal.

The invention discloses a method for predicting the solubility of at least one species at a specified pH value in an aqueous buffer comprising at least one weak acid species and/or at least one weak base species. The method comprises the steps of: a) selecting a start composition of the buffer, giving a start value for the total solute concentration; b) calculating the concentrations of all ionic species present in the buffer at the specified pH value from the total composition of the buffer and available dissociation constants; c) calculating the solubility limits of each combination of ionic species present in the buffer from available solubility products, taking the concentrations calculated in step a) into account; d) comparing the concentrations of all ionic species calculated in step a) with the solubility limits calculated in step b) and determining if any solubility limit is exceeded; e) if no solubility limit is exceeded, increasing the total solute concentration of the buffer or, if at least one solubility limit is exceeded, decreasing the total solute concentration of the buffer, and; f) repeating steps b)-e) until a predetermined convergence criteria is met.

The present invention discloses a system for introducing a gas into a contained media such as a pond or lake. Water is removed from the media, gas introduced, and then the water removed to the contained media.

A system for preparing solutions for chromatography application is disclosed. The system comprises a T-joint for preparing a buffer solution by mixing at least one first solution and a second solution. The T-joint receives the second solution from a solution supply unit connected to the T-joint. Further one or more low pressure pumps supply the one or more first solutions into the T-joint. The high pressure pump collects the buffer solution and delivers it to a chromatography apparatus.