An apparatus for dissolving a gas into a liquid includes a liquid inlet for supplying liquid into the apparatus, a gas inlet for supplying gas into the liquid within the apparatus and a venturi arranged to dissolve the gas into the liquid passing through the venturi. The apparatus also includes an outlet for the liquid and dissolved gas downstream of the venturi. At least part of the liquid inlet, at least part of the gas inlet, at least part of the venturi and at least part of the outlet are integrally formed in a single piece of material.

A system and process for defining, blending and monitoring fresh water with subterranean produced formation fluids, with particular constituents of the blended waters being controlled for proper use in gel-type hydraulic fracturing operations. On-site measurements and calculations of clay stabilization replacement, through a Potassium Chloride (KCl) Equivalency calculation, provide feedback on water constituent adjustments that may be needed just prior to the gel-based hydraulic fracturing process. This assures adequate gel cross-linking times, delayed gel cross-linking times, and clay stabilization in the formation to be fractured.

An automated method includes providing a dry ingredient to be reconstituted into a liquid bioprocess solution and controlling, by a processing circuit, all automated system including at least one mixing chamber, an array of tubing for fluid flow within the system, and a plurality of valves provided within the tubing, to automatically prepare the liquid bioprocess solution from the dry ingredient. Controlling the auto system may include performing a series of sequential mixing steps, the series of sequential mixing steps causing the preparation of the liquid bioprocess solution. The method mixing include taking one or more measurements during the preparation of the liquid bioprocess solution, wherein each step is triggered by at least one of a measurement decreasing below, equaling, or exceeding a measurement threshold. Each step may also include opening or closing, by the processing circuit, at least one of the plurality of valves.

A gas solution manufacturing device 1 includes a gas supply line 2 configured to supply a gas as a raw material of a gas solution, a liquid supply line 3 configured to supply a liquid as a raw material of the gas solution, a gas solution production unit 4 configured to mix the gas and the liquid together to produce the gas solution, a gas-liquid separation unit 5 configured to perform gas-liquid separation of the produced gas solution into a supplied liquid to be supplied to a use point and a discharged gas to be discharged through an exhaust port, and a gas dissolving unit 6 provided in the liquid supply line 4 and configured to dissolve the discharged gas resulting from the gas-liquid separation in the liquid. The gas dissolving unit 6 is configured with a hollow fiber membrane configured with a gas permeable membrane.

The efficiency of water disinfection can be significantly increased by supplying the ozone in combination with oxygen to an inlet of a cavitation pump or a line atomizer. A compressor can be introduced at an inlet of the cavitation pump or the line atomizer, compressing the gas mixture at a pressure higher than the pressure within pump or the atomizer. The compressed gases are provided to the inlet of the atomizer or the pump, where the compressed gases mix with the water and enter the cavitation pump or the line atomizer (where most of the dissolution of the gases happens). The compressor allows to increase the amount of oxygen and ozone provided to the pump or the line atomizer, increasing their dissolved concentration. In addition to the disinfecting properties, the higher level of oxygen correlates to an improved taste of the water.

A system and related methods for monitoring and dosing peroxycarboxylic acids, particularly peracetic acid, in food processing applications based upon desired concentration of the processing solution. The concentration of the peroxycarboxylic acid measured and additional peroxycarboxylic acid being added to the processing solution if the measured concentration is below a threshold level of the desired concentration, and additional water being added to the processing solution if the measured concentration is above a threshold level of the desired concentration. The system and related methods capable of being used in utilized with either live stream or static, storage tank based systems, to keep the concentration of peroxycarboxylic acid at or near desired concentration levels while experiencing less variation than experienced with conventional flow-based or hand-mixed systems.

A vacuum pumping system which comprises a plurality of vacuum pumping arrangements for evacuating a flammable gas stream and exhausting the gas stream through an exhaust outlet. A housing houses the vacuum pumping arrangements and forms an air flow duct for an air flow for mixing with the exhaust gas stream output from the exhaust outlet in a mixing region in the housing. An airflow generator generates an air flow through the air flow duct to cause mixing of air with the flammable gas stream to a percentage of the flammable gas in the air flow lower than the lower flammability limit of the flammable gas. An airflow sensor senses the flow of air for determining if the air flow is sufficient to dilute the flammable gas to lower than said percentage.

A system for distributing ozonated fluid includes a manifold that contains a plurality of fluid paths and has one or more ozone intake ports. The ozone intake ports are fluidically coupled to one or more ozone output ports of one or more ozone supply units. The manifold includes a plurality of flow switches configured to transmit control signals to one or more controllers of each ozone supply unit in response to sensing a flow of water through the fluid paths in order to cause the ozone supply units to generate ozone. The manifold also includes a plurality of fluid mixers that are fluidically coupled to the ozone intake ports and configured to introduce the ozone generated by the ozone supply units into the water flowing through the fluid paths.

An apparatus (2) for dissolving a gas into a liquid includes a liquid inlet (4) for supplying liquid into the apparatus, a gas inlet (6) for supplying gas into the liquid within the apparatus and a venturi (52) arranged to dissolve the gas into the liquid passing through the venturi. The apparatus also includes an outlet (18) for the liquid and dissolved gas downstream of the venturi. At least part of the liquid inlet, at least part of the gas inlet, at least part of the venturi and at least part of the outlet are formed in an integrally formed piece of material (42).

An inline buffer dilution system is provided that includes a first flow control valve fluidly connected to a supply of diluent liquid, second and third flow control valves fluidly connected to supplies of a first buffer and a second buffer, respectively, and a mixing pump fluidly connected to the first, second, and third flow control valves and configured to mix an amount of the diluent liquid, the first buffer, and the second buffer to produce a diluted buffer solution. The system further includes a backpressure control valve configured to generate a backpressure that promotes mixing within the mixing pump, and a controller configured to control the backpressure based on the amount of the diluent liquid, the first buffer, and the second buffer being mixed in the mixing pump, such that the mixing pump yields a minimum mixing threshold across a range of fluid flows.