A method may include: determining a total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration of a water source; correlating the TDS concentration to an ion concentration; and selecting at least one friction reducing polymer for a hydraulic fracturing operation based at least in part on the ion concentration.

This disclosure features methods of forming chemical compositions. The method includes (1) mixing a plurality of continuous material flows in a mixing tank to form a chemical composition, each continuous material flow including at least one component of the composition; and (2) moving a continuous flow of the chemical composition to a packaging station downstream of the mixing tank. The mixing and moving steps are performed continuously. This disclosure also features systems that can be used to perform such methods.

A system for mixing a liquid with a powder into a solution batch includes a hopper (20) into which said powder is deposited, the hopper (20) having a powder outlet (22) therein. A mix tank (60) is also provided having a liquid supply inlet (62), a recirculation inlet (64), and a solution outlet (66). A mix pump (40) that is in fluid communication with the solution outlet (66), the powder outlet (22), and the recirculation inlet (64) operates to mix and transfer the solution.

A device (1) for producing a solution of at least one liquid first medium and at least one second medium has a first container (2) for the first medium and a second container (3) for the second medium. Each container (2, 3) is connected to a supply line of a static mixer (9) via a pump (4, 5) that can be regulated by a controller (6). A sensor (10) is connected to the controller (6) downstream of the static mixer (9) in the flow direction. A branching valve (17) is downstream of the static mixer (9) in the flow direction and is controlled by the controller (6). A sterile filter (11) is downstream of the static mixer (9) and has an RFID tag (15) that stores process-relevant data to at least be read by the controller (6). A method also is provided for producing a solution using the device.

An automated method includes providing a dry ingredient to be reconstituted into a liquid bioprocess solution and controlling, by a processing circuit, all automated system including at least one mixing chamber, an array of tubing for fluid flow within the system, and a plurality of valves provided within the tubing, to automatically prepare the liquid bioprocess solution from the dry ingredient. Controlling the auto system may include performing a series of sequential mixing steps, the series of sequential mixing steps causing the preparation of the liquid bioprocess solution. The method mixing include taking one or more measurements during the preparation of the liquid bioprocess solution, wherein each step is triggered by at least one of a measurement decreasing below, equaling, or exceeding a measurement threshold. Each step may also include opening or closing, by the processing circuit, at least one of the plurality of valves.

This disclosure features methods of forming chemical compositions. The method includes (1) mixing a plurality of continuous material flows in a mixing tank to form a chemical composition, each continuous material flow including at least one component of the composition; and (2) moving a continuous flow of the chemical composition to a packaging station downstream of the mixing tank. The mixing and moving steps are performed continuously. This disclosure also features systems that can be used to perform such methods.

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a liquid acid concentrate for hemodialysis machines, with the following steps. In a preliminary step a water source (120), an acid source (130), an electrolyte tank (140) containing a mixture of electrolytes in exactly the quantity needed for the manufacture of the liquid acid concentrate, and a sodium chloride source (150) are connected to a mixing tank (110). During Step a), the quantity of water needed for the manufacture of the batch of liquid acid concentrate is introduced into the mixing tank (110). At Step b), the quantity of acid needed for manufacture the liquid acid concentrate is introduced into the mixing tank (110), the solution is stirred until a homogeneous solution is obtained. Step c) is to repeat Sub-steps c1) and c2) until the electrolyte mixture contained in the electrolyte tank is completely dissolved. At Sub-step c1) part of the solution contained in the mixing tank (110) is transferred into the electrolyte tank (140) containing the electrolyte mixture, then at Sub-step c2) the solution contained in the electrolyte tank (140) is transferred into the mixing tank, leaving the still solid constituents in the electrolyte tank. At Step d) the quantity of sodium chloride needed to manufacture the liquid acid concentrate is introduced into the mixing tank (110). Finally, at Step e), the solution is stirred and recirculated by taking it from the bottom the mixing tank (110) and reintroducing it at the top of the mixing tank until a homogeneous liquid acid concentrate is obtained. Steps a) to d) can be performed in any order, Step a) preceding always Step c).

A reaction vessel includes a vessel that accommodates a substance, a stirring device that stirs the substance, and a bypass that causes the substance to circulate outside the vessel, in which one end and the other end of the bypass are connected to the vessel in a position at which the substance circulates in the bypass when the substance is stirred by the stirring device.

A system for providing deionized (DI) water with a dynamic electrical resistivity is provided. The system includes plural DI water sources, source pipes, flow control devices, a merging pipe and a flow controller. The DI water sources respectively have different electrical resistivities. The source pipes are respectively connected to the DI water sources in a one-to-one manner. The flow control devices are respectively disposed in the source pipes in a one-to-one manner. The merging pipe joins the source pipes. The flow controller includes a resistivity sensor disposed in the merging pipe, and the flow controller is configured to control a flowrate of the DI water through the source pipes.

A system for mixing a liquid with a powder into a solution batch includes a hopper (20) into which said powder is deposited, the hopper (20) having a powder outlet (22) therein. A mix tank (60) is also provided having a liquid supply inlet (62), a recirculation inlet (64), and a solution outlet (66). A mix pump (40) that is in fluid communication with the solution outlet (66), the powder outlet (22), and the recirculation inlet (64) operates to mix and transfer the solution.