Disclosed herein is a solar reactor comprising a reactor member; an aperture for receiving solar radiation, the aperture being disposed in a plane on a wall of the reactor member, where the plane is oriented at any angle other than parallel relative to the centerline of the reactor member; a plurality of absorber tubes, wherein the absorber tubes are oriented such that their respective centerlines are at an angle other than 90° relative to the centerline of the reactor member; and wherein the aperture has a hydraulic diameter that is from 0.2 to 4 times a hydraulic diameter of at least one absorber tube in the plurality of absorber tubes; and a reactive material, the reactive material being disposed in the plurality of absorber tubes.

A device for centering a temperature measurement device inside a tube reactor that will be filled with catalyst, including a single inflatable bladder mechanically and fluidically attached to a centering ring.

An object of the present invention is to provide a new frameless catalytic thermal oxidation device capable of treating concentrations of harmful materials including NOx at a low temperature. Further, another object of the present invention is to provide a frameless catalytic thermal oxidation device capable of minimizing the occurrence of THC and minimizing a risk of accidents and environmental pollution which may occur in maintenance operations. According to the objects, the present invention provides a cartridge-type thermal oxidation device capable of being separated for maintenance, wherein a cartridge internal structure is configured so that the time while the material to be treated stays in a zone with the catalyst is increased, and a member capable of dropping and collecting powder generated by thermal oxidation reaction is configured.

Reactor for catalytic chemical reactions comprising a catalyst bed with an annular-cylindrical form crossed by a radial flow or mixed axial-radial flow, wherein the bed is delimited by cylindrical walls made gas-permeable by means of slits and the catalyst bed is formed by particles of catalyst with a nominal minimum size such that: the ratio between a transverse dimension of the slits and the nominal minimum size of the particles of catalyst is smaller than or equal to 0.6; the catalyst bed contains no more than 3% by weight of particles with an actual size smaller than said nominal size.

A process and apparatus for converting an alkane to an olefin. In one embodiment, the process involves oxidative coupling of an alkane, e.g., methane, with an oxidant, such as air, to produce an olefin having twice the number of carbon atoms as the alkane, e.g., ethylene. In another embodiment, the process involves oxidative dehydrogenation of an alkane, e.g., ethane, with an oxidant to form an olefin having the same number of carbon atoms as the alkane, e.g., ethylene. The process involves passing a flow of the oxidant from a first flow passage through a porous medium; diffusing a flow of the alkane from a second flow passage into the porous medium; and contacting the reactant alkane and the oxidant in the presence of a catalyst within the porous medium to produce the olefin.

A method of forming a hydrocarbon product, the method comprising a first step of enriching a carrier liquid with carbon monoxide and hydrogen and a subsequent step of bringing the enriched carrier liquid into contact with a catalyst in a first reaction zone of a reactor, wherein the catalyst catalyzes reaction of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen to form the hydrocarbon product.

Method of loading a tubular reactor with a catalyst tube assembly, method of unloading a catalyst tube assembly from a tubular reactor, and catalyst tube assembly for a tubular reactor, such as a steam reformer, comprising an outer reactor tube having an inlet end and an outlet end opposite the inlet end, and including an inwardly protruding element; a centering assembly including an inner tube having an inlet end and an outlet end; a tubular boundary having a closed end and an open end.

Methods, reactor tubes, reactors, and systems for catalysis are disclosed. A reactor tube includes an outer shell defining a catalyst bed, a catalyst within the catalyst bed, and an inner tube extending through the catalyst bed. An interior of the inner tube is isolated from the catalyst within the catalyst bed. Methods of activating a catalyst are also disclosed herein.

A liquid-solid radial moving bed reaction apparatus and a solid acid alkylation process by using the liquid-solid radial moving bed reaction apparatus, the liquid-solid radial moving bed reaction apparatus comprises:

A radial moving bed reactor, a spent catalyst receiver, a catalyst regenerator, and a regenerated catalyst receiver that are successively connected, wherein the catalyst discharging outlet of the regenerated catalyst receiver is communicated with the catalyst inlet of the radial moving bed reactor; a reaction stream distribution zone, a catalyst bed, and a stream-after-the-reaction collection zone are arranged in the radial moving bed reactor from the inside to the outside or from the outside to the inside, the reaction stream distribution zone is communicated with the reaction stream feeding pipeline; the stream-after-the-reaction collection zone is communicated with the stream-after-the-reaction withdrawing pipe;

A component-based mixer is arranged on the reaction stream feeding pipeline; the component-based mixer consists of an upper recycled stream pipe, a lower reaction stream feeding pipe, and a fresh feedstock feeding pipe extending into the reaction stream feeding pipeline, a nozzle of the feeding pipe is arranged at the outlet of the fresh feedstock feeding pipe, a filler and/or a mixing fin is arranged in the reaction stream feeding pipeline, wherein the component-based mixer is located out of the radial moving bed reactor.

Described herein are multi-functionalized hollow fiber organocatalysts, processes for producing multi-functionalized hollow fiber organocatalysts, and processes that utilize multi-functionalized hollow fiber organocatalysts for reacting chemicals. A variety of chemical reactions may be enhanced with the multifunctional hollow fiber organocatalysts. The multi-functionalized hollow fiber organocatalysts are particularly advantageous when used as heterogeneous organocatalysts and continuous-flow reactors.