To provide a fluidized-bed reaction vessel and a trichlorosilane production method each of which can reduce corrosion and wear of a reaction container inner wall, a fluidized-bed reaction vessel causes metallurgical grade silicon powder and hydrogen chloride gas to react with each other for production of trichlorosilane. The fluidized-bed reaction vessel includes a plurality of ejection nozzles (20) standing on a distributor plate (11) as a bottom surface of a container body. The ejection nozzles (20) each have a gas ejection opening (22a) configured to allow hydrogen chloride gas to be ejected sideways. The plurality of ejection nozzles (20) include a first ejection nozzle (20a) adjacent to an outer wall (10a) of the container body, the first ejection nozzle (20a) having a gas ejection opening (22a) in such a pattern as to prevent hydrogen chloride gas from being ejected toward the outer wall (10a).

To provide a fluidized-bed reaction vessel and a trichlorosilane production method each of which can reduce corrosion and wear of a reaction container inner wall, a fluidized-bed reaction vessel causes metallurgical grade silicon powder and hydrogen chloride gas to react with each other for production of trichlorosilane. The fluidized-bed reaction vessel includes a plurality of ejection nozzles (20) standing on a distributor plate (11) as a bottom surface of a container body. The ejection nozzles (20) each have a gas ejection opening (22a) configured to allow hydrogen chloride gas to be ejected sideways. The plurality of ejection nozzles (20) include a first ejection nozzle (20a) adjacent to an outer wall (10a) of the container body, the first ejection nozzle (20a) having a gas ejection opening (22a) in such a pattern as to prevent hydrogen chloride gas from being ejected toward the outer wall (10a).

This invention describes a novel and efficient processing scheme that can be used to transform a vacuum residue feedstock into 0.5 wt % sulfur bunker fuel that fulfills the specifications required by the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

This invention describes a novel and efficient processing scheme that can be used to transform a vacuum residue feedstock into 0.5 wt % sulfur bunker fuel that fulfills the specifications required by the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

A system for fluidizing particles includes a fluidization reactor having a base, a gas injection surface positioned at the base configured to inject a first gas into the fluidization reactor, and a gas outlet, a secondary gas injector comprising a nozzle, positioned in the fluidization reactor and configured to deliver a secondary flow of a second gas into the fluidization reactor, a vibration inducing device rigidly attached to the fluidization reactor and configured to induce a vibrational acceleration on the fluidization reactor, and a vibration isolating device rigidly attached to the fluidization reactor and a mounting surface, configured to isolate vibrational forces from the vibration inducing device from the mounting surface. A method of fluidizing particles is also described.

Apparatus and processes herein provide for converting hydrocarbon feeds to light olefins and other hydrocarbons. The processes and apparatus include, in some embodiments, feeding a hydrocarbon, a first catalyst and a second catalyst to a reactor, wherein the first catalyst has a smaller average particle size and is less dense than the second catalyst. A first portion of the second catalyst may be recovered as a bottoms product from the reactor, and a cracked hydrocarbon effluent, a second portion of the second catalyst, and the first catalyst may be recovered as an overhead product from the reactor. The second portion of the second catalyst may be separated from the overhead product, providing a first stream comprising the first catalyst and the hydrocarbon effluent and a second stream comprising the separated second catalyst, allowing return of the separated second catalyst in the second stream to the reactor.

Apparatus and processes herein provide for converting hydrocarbon feeds to light olefins and other hydrocarbons. The processes and apparatus include, in some embodiments, feeding a hydrocarbon, a first catalyst and a second catalyst to a reactor, wherein the first catalyst has a smaller average particle size and is less dense than the second catalyst. A first portion of the second catalyst may be recovered as a bottoms product from the reactor, and a cracked hydrocarbon effluent, a second portion of the second catalyst, and the first catalyst may be recovered as an overhead product from the reactor. The second portion of the second catalyst may be separated from the overhead product, providing a first stream comprising the first catalyst and the hydrocarbon effluent and a second stream comprising the separated second catalyst, allowing return of the separated second catalyst in the second stream to the reactor.

This invention describes a novel and efficient processing scheme that can be used to transform a vacuum residue feedstock into 0.5 wt % sulfur bunker fuel that fulfills the specifications required by the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

This invention describes a novel and efficient processing scheme that can be used to transform a vacuum residue feedstock into 0.5 wt % sulfur bunker fuel that fulfills the specifications required by the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

A method for producing a catalyst for a fuel cell comprising: a) injecting carbon particles into a fluidized bed reactor; b) evacuating the fluidized bed reactor to form a base pressure; c) introducing a catalytic metal precursor together with a carrier gas into the fluidized bed reactor to contact the catalytic metal precursor with the carbon particles; d d) purging a purge gas into the fluidized bed reactor; e) introducing a reaction gas into the fluidized bed reactor to attach the catalytic metal precursor to the carbon particles; and f) purging a purge gas into the fluidized bed reactor, wherein, the catalytic metal is attached to the carbon particles in a form of nano-sized spot.