Provided is an antimicrobial coating material comprising one or more biocides encapsulated in inorganic-organic shells. The antimicrobial coating material can be applied on porous materials or porous media to form and antimicrobial coating without changing the physical properties and the functions of porous materials or porous media. The coating provides a durable, multi-level antimicrobial performance at high temperature through contact-killing, release-killing, anti-adhesion and self-cleaning. Also provided is a method of producing the antimicrobial coating material.

Shown is a method for producing a liquid crystal capsule having a particle diameter of 30 to 150 nanometers, and a method for producing a liquid crystal capsule without using a homogenizer. The disclosure concerns a method for producing a liquid crystal capsule, including a step of preparing an emulsion by performing phase inversion emulsification of a mixed material obtained by mixing a liquid crystal composition, a monomer, a surfactant, and a polymerization initiator; and a step of producing a liquid crystal capsule by applying a coacervation method to the emulsion. The disclosure also concerns a liquid crystal capsule having a liquid crystal composition, a surfactant and a capsule wall, wherein the capsule wall has a closed curved shape, the liquid crystal composition and a hydrophobic moiety of the surfactant are arranged inside the capsule wall, and a hydrophilic moiety of the surfactant is arranged outside the capsule wall.

Shown is a method for producing a liquid crystal capsule having a particle diameter of 30 to 150 nanometers, and a method for producing a liquid crystal capsule without using a homogenizer. The disclosure concerns a method for producing a liquid crystal capsule, including a step of preparing an emulsion by performing phase inversion emulsification of a mixed material obtained by mixing a liquid crystal composition, a monomer, a surfactant, and a polymerization initiator; and a step of producing a liquid crystal capsule by applying a coacervation method to the emulsion. The disclosure also concerns a liquid crystal capsule having a liquid crystal composition, a surfactant and a capsule wall, wherein the capsule wall has a closed curved shape, the liquid crystal composition and a hydrophobic moiety of the surfactant are arranged inside the capsule wall, and a hydrophilic moiety of the surfactant is arranged outside the capsule wall.

Provided is a hybridized perovskite quantum dot material. The quantum dot material comprises a kernel and surface ligands. The kernel is formed by R.sub.1NH.sub.3AB.sub.3 or (R.sub.2NH.sub.3).sub.2AB.sub.4, where R.sub.1 is methyl group, R.sub.2 is an organic molecular group, A is at least one selected from Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Cu and Mn, B is at least one selected from Cl, Br and I, A and B form a coordination octahedral structure, and R.sub.1NH.sub.3 or R.sub.2NH.sub.3 is filled in gaps of the coordination octahedral structure. The surface ligand is an organic acid or organic amine. The quantum dot material has a high fluorescence quantum yield.

Provided is a hybridized perovskite quantum dot material. The quantum dot material comprises a kernel and surface ligands. The kernel is formed by R.sub.1NH.sub.3AB.sub.3 or (R.sub.2NH.sub.3).sub.2AB.sub.4, where R.sub.1 is methyl group, R.sub.2 is an organic molecular group, A is at least one selected from Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Cu and Mn, B is at least one selected from Cl, Br and I, A and B form a coordination octahedral structure, and R.sub.1NH.sub.3 or R.sub.2NH.sub.3 is filled in gaps of the coordination octahedral structure. The surface ligand is an organic acid or organic amine. The quantum dot material has a high fluorescence quantum yield.

The present invention provides liposomes loaded with chelating agents, pharmaceutical formulations including these liposomes and methods of making chelating agent liposomes. Because the chelating agents are loaded in the liposome with high efficiencies, the liposomes are of use in treatment of metal ion overload in subjects. The liposomes can also contain essential trace metals to compensate for the off target effect of removal of endogenous non-target trace metals by administration of the chelator. The liposomes can include two or more different chelating agents of different structures and affinities for metal ions.

The present invention provides liposomes loaded with chelating agents, pharmaceutical formulations including these liposomes and methods of making chelating agent liposomes. Because the chelating agents are loaded in the liposome with high efficiencies, the liposomes are of use in treatment of metal ion overload in subjects. The liposomes can also contain essential trace metals to compensate for the off target effect of removal of endogenous non-target trace metals by administration of the chelator. The liposomes can include two or more different chelating agents of different structures and affinities for metal ions.

Disclosed herein are a method for producing a miniaturized liposome on a large production scale, and an apparatus for producing a liposome which is to be used in the above-mentioned method. Provided is a method for producing a liposome, including a step of stirring a mixture containing an oil phase in which at least one lipid is dissolved in an organic solvent and a water phase in a first tank of an apparatus having the first tank and a circulation path, in which the ratio of the capacity of the circulation path to the total capacity of the tank and the circulation path is 0.4 or less and/or the time required for the mixture to return to the first tank after being discharged therefrom is within 2.0 minutes.

Disclosed herein are a method for producing a miniaturized liposome on a large production scale, and an apparatus for producing a liposome which is to be used in the above-mentioned method. Provided is a method for producing a liposome, including a step of stirring a mixture containing an oil phase in which at least one lipid is dissolved in an organic solvent and a water phase in a first tank of an apparatus having the first tank and a circulation path, in which the ratio of the capacity of the circulation path to the total capacity of the tank and the circulation path is 0.4 or less and/or the time required for the mixture to return to the first tank after being discharged therefrom is within 2.0 minutes.

There is provided a method of producing silica capsules, the method comprising: adding a silica precursor to emulsified droplets in the presence of salt and alcohol to enhance silica growth around the emulsified droplets by an ion association effect, thereby forming silica capsules. Also provided are silica capsules producible by such a method.