A process for re-refining used lubricating oil (ULO), much of which is used motor oil (UMO) relies on more rapid heating, turbulent flows, higher peak temperatures, to achieve rapid thermal cracking, even including metal-bearing additives without catalysts, compared to conventional refining of crude oil and conventional recycling processing of UMO. By thermally cracking this way and scrubbing with recycled, processed liquids from the flow stream, a process readily removes metal-bearing hydrocarbons in typical lubricating oil additives. Those bonded metals consigned to heavy fraction “bottoms,” are commonly non-removable by other recycling schemes. Long chain polymers including paraffins are broken into lighter hydrocarbons with properties typical of fuels containing olefins, naphthenes, and the like. Data and analysis reveal low solids, effective metal removal, comparatively low viscosity and boiling points, and greatly reduced sulfur content in fuel and oil products resulting.

A reactor shell for producing olefins via steam cracking from a fed reactive mixture stream composed of steam and hydrocarbons comprising: at least one reactive stream duct formed within said reactor shell, at least one structured ceramic bed having a plurality of hollow flow paths, at least one electrical resistance heating element for heating the reactive mixture stream up to a predetermined reaction temperature and a coating provided on a surface contacting with the reactive mixture stream is provided. The reactor shell is characterized by that said electrical resistance heating element that is arranged inside at least some of said hollow flow paths in a manner that there still remains a flowing passage inside the hollow flow paths.

The present disclosure is directed to petrochemical processing systems that may include a component including a first surface oriented to contact a process fluid, which may define a plurality of channels. The petrochemical processing systems may further include a plurality of metal spheres disposed at least partially in the plurality of channels. Each one of the plurality of metal spheres may be fixed in place within one of the plurality of channels such that each of the plurality of metal spheres is freely rotatable. Methods for reducing accumulation and formation of solid deposits during petrochemical processing using the petrochemical processing systems are also disclosed.

The present disclosure is directed to petrochemical processing systems that may include a component including a first surface oriented to contact a process fluid, which may define a plurality of channels. The petrochemical processing systems may further include a plurality of metal spheres disposed at least partially in the plurality of channels. Each one of the plurality of metal spheres may be fixed in place within one of the plurality of channels such that each of the plurality of metal spheres is freely rotatable. Methods for reducing accumulation and formation of solid deposits during petrochemical processing using the petrochemical processing systems are also disclosed.

Systems and methods generally involve processing a gaseous reducing agent and a gaseous reforming agent to produce syngas in the presence of a stable-phase change metal-oxide based oxygen carrier. During operation, an oxygen content is measured for a reactor input stream and a reactor output stream. A percent oxygen depletion of the metal oxide is determined using an initial oxygen content of the metal oxide, the oxygen content of the input stream, and the oxygen content of the output stream. Based on the percent oxygen depletion, a mole ratio of reducing gas to oxidant in the input stream may be adjusted accordingly.

A reactor for hydrothermal oxidation treatment of an organic material in a reaction medium, comprising: a confinement member housed in a chamber and defining a confinement zone and a peripheral zone; at least one inlet for an oxidising fluid into the peripheral zone; a first cooling system, with an external circulation cold loop having a fluid inlet and outlet, opening into a first portion of the peripheral zone; a heating system, with an external circulation hot loop having a fluid inlet and outlet opening into a second portion of the peripheral zone; a channel with a mouth, a channel stirring system; a second cooling system for creating a temperature gradient along the channel between a cold temperature and the reaction temperature; each circulation loop being equipped with a circulator and with a heat exchanger.

The present invention provides a fouling prevention method and a method for olefin oligomerization, wherein in the method for olefin oligomerization, a predetermined anti-fouling agent is added, thereby minimizing the production of sticking byproducts generated during the reaction and fundamentally preventing the fouling of the byproducts, generated during the reaction, on an inner wall of a reactor.

A system and method for thermal cracking of crude oil is provided. The system includes a plurality of communicatively coupled components configured to support thermal cracking of crude oil and performs a method including a continuous, industrial-sized thermal cracking process used to convert heavy crude oil or extra-heavy crude oil into lighter crude oil, using a liquid catalyst to prevent coke formation and promote alkylation reactions.

A method and apparatus are provided for processing hydrocarbon coal slurry feeds. The method and apparatus enhance the conversion of the coal feeds into useful conversion products, such as high melting and high carbon containing pitch products. In particular, the present techniques utilize a specially designed “self-cleaning” and “wall-catalyzed” preheater-reactor systems.

In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for the oxidative coupling of methane to generate hydrocarbon compounds containing at least two carbon atoms (C.sub.2+ compounds). The method can include mixing a first gas stream comprising methane with a second gas stream comprising oxygen to form a third gas stream comprising methane and oxygen and performing an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction using the third gas stream to produce a product stream comprising one or more C.sub.2+ compounds.