The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating and quantum printing materials, such as elemental metals, in a nanoporous carbon powder.

An apparatus for preparing graphene by means of laser irradiation in liquid, comprising a laser generating system, and further comprising a computer control system, a cleaning and drying system, and a workpiece auxiliary system. The light spot diameter of the laser emitted from a pulse laser unit (26) is increased by means of a beam expander (24), and the laser is reflected and split by a beam splitter to form two laser beams; a first laser beam (19) shocks the right vertical plane of a graphite solid target (18) by means of a focusing lens, and a second laser beam (17) shocks the left vertical plane of the graphite solid target (18) by means of the focusing lens, so as to grow graphene on a copper foil (5) substrate.

Techniques for generating quantum light emitters that operate at room temperature and at telecom wavelengths are described. Quantum light emitters of the present disclosure may have various structures. For examples, an SWCNT may chirality of (6,5), (7,5), or (10,3). Quantum light emitters of the present disclosure may be doped with various compounds. In at least some examples, an SWCNT may be doped with an aryl dopant. In at least some examples, the aryl dopant may be an aryl diazonium dopant. Example aryl diazonium dopants include, but are not limited to, 3,5-dichlorobenzenediazonium (Cl.sub.2-Dz) and 4-methoxybenzenediazonium (MeO-Dz). Quantum light emitters of the present disclosure may be encapsulated in various materials. In at least some examples, an SWCNT may be encapsulated in a surfactant. An example surfactant is sodium deoxycholate (DOC). In at least some other examples, an SWCNT may be encapsulated in a polymer. In at least some examples, the polymer may be a polyfluorene polymer. An example polyfluorene polymer is a copolymer of 9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl and bipyridine (PFO-BPy).

In the synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) via high temperature, high pressure methods, a boron feedstock may be elevated above its melting point in a nitrogen environment at an elevated pressure. Methods and apparatus for supporting the boron feedstock and subsequent boron melt are described that enhance BNNT synthesis. A target holder having a boron nitride interface layer thermally insulates the target holder from the boron melt. Using one or more lasers as a heat source, mirrors may be positioned to reflect and control the distribution of heat in the chamber. The flow of nitrogen gas in the chamber may be heated and controlled through heating elements and flow control baffles to enhance BNNT formation. Cooling systems and baffle elements may provide additional control of the BNNT production process.

Chemical reactors and their configuration with laser systems enable the lasers to deliver unprecedented power densities into the bulk of a suitably absorbing fluid, enabling, e.g., endothermic reactions in the gas phase, into which it may be otherwise challenging to deliver heat. These laser-based chemical reactors may be used to process a broad range of feedstocks. Two such processes involve laser-based methane pyrolysis and laser-based olefin production.

More specifically, granules made of biocompatible metal material, preferably osteoinductive metal, for use in vertebroplasty surgery, as well as the use of these granules for this purpose, are the object of the present invention.

Provided is a method of synthesizing apatite powder by emitting a laser beam to a surface of a substrate immersed in a precursor solution. The method is including immersing a substrate in an apatite-forming precursor solution, emitting a laser beam to a region on a surface of the substrate immersed in the precursor solution, and obtaining apatite powder generated in the precursor solution.

A carbon nanotube membrane including carbon nanotubes having a pre-selected bonding configuration or (m, n) chirality, wherein the carbon nanotube membrane has a substantial amount of carbon nanotubes having zigzag (m, 0) chirality and/or armchair (m, m) chirality. An apparatus for the treatment of a carbon-based membrane, a method for treating carbon based membranes, pellicles including carbon based membranes, lithographic apparatuses includes carbon nanotube membranes, as well as the use of carbon nanotube membranes in lithographic apparatuses and methods are also described.

A liquid activation and electrolytic apparatus includes: a liquid activation apparatus that includes a liquid activator with a black radiation sintered body radiating electromagnetic waves and an electromagnetic wave converging body and assembled bodies integrated together with the black radiation sintered body on the outside, the electromagnetic wave converging body on the inside, and a liquid activation region by the electromagnetic waves formed on the inside of the electromagnetic wave converging body and activates, in the above region, a liquid portion of a liquid electrolytic solution; and an electrolytic unit that includes an electrolysis container using a titanium or platinum electrode as a negative electrode and a platinum electrode as a positive electrode and containing the electrolytic solution and a power source applying a variable direct-current voltage to the negative and positive electrodes and performs the electrolysis of the electrolytic solution with the activated liquid portion in the electrolysis container.

Metallic nanorods are welded together in a controllable fashion. A suspension of metallic nanorods coated with an anionic polymer is contracted with linking molecules each comprising a liquid crystal with at least two available carboxylic acid moieties. The nanoparticles to self-assemble into dimers. Irradiation of the dimers with femtosecond radiation forms a metallic junction between them and welds the dimers into fused dimers.