High quality carbon nanochains or carbon nanotubes are produced by methods that include mixing a carbon-containing feedstock with a catalyst to form a feedstock/catalyst mixture, or coating a catalyst with a carbon-containing feedstock, and subjecting the feedstock/catalyst mixture or feedstock-coated catalyst to irradiation with a laser to convert the feedstock into carbon nanochains or carbon nanotubes in the presence of the catalyst. In some instances, the feedstock is converted to a char by pyrolysis and the char is instead subjected to laser irradiation. The carbon-containing feedstock can be a biomass or a carbonaceous material. In some instances, the catalyst is a metal salt, preferably a transition metal salt. In some instances, the catalyst is an elemental metal, an alloy, or a combination thereof.

First and second laser beams having respective first and second wavelengths respectively excite palladium isotopes at a ground level to a first excited level then to a second excited level. At first and second excitation steps, palladium isotopes having an odd mass number are selectively excited to the second excited level, with the identity of the ion core state of each of the palladium isotopes retained between the first excited level and the second excited level. The first wavelength and the second wavelength are selected to allow the second excited level to be an autoionization level or, in a case where the second excited level is not the autoionization level, the first wavelength, the second wavelength, and a third wavelength are selected to excite the palladium isotopes at the second excited level to the autoionization level with a third laser beam having the third wavelength at a third excitation step.

Provided is a method of synthesizing apatite powder by emitting a laser beam to a surface of a substrate immersed in a precursor solution. The method is including immersing a substrate in an apatite-forming precursor solution, emitting a laser beam to a region on a surface of the substrate immersed in the precursor solution, and obtaining apatite powder generated in the precursor solution.

Provided is method for synthesising core-shell nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis. The method may include a) conveying together a gaseous mixture including a silicon precursor and a germanium precursor in a reaction zone of a first chamber of a reactor, and b) emitting a first laser beam at the level of the reaction zone for carrying out a laser pyrolysis of the mixture, the steps making it possible to obtain nanoparticles having a core made of a silicon- and germanium-based alloy and a silicon shell.

Systems and methods are provided for receiving a first media content item associated with a first interactive object of an interactive message, receiving a second media content item associated with a second interactive object of the interactive message, generating a third media content item based on the first media content item and second media content item, wherein the third media content item comprises combined features of the first media content item and the second media content item, and causing display of the generated third media content item.

A method of hyperpolarizing diamond particles includes applying a laser to a sample of the diamond particles, irradiating the diamond particles with a sweeping microwave to cause diamond polarization, shuttling the diamond particles through a magnetic field to detect .sup.13C nuclei in the diamond particles, and relaying the diamond polarization to nuclear spins to one of a surrounding solid or fluid.

An object of the present invention is to provide an optical multipass cell that is compact and low cost, does not require the installation of a cooling mechanism around the mirror, and can increase the number of reflections of laser light, and the present invention provides an optical multipass cell comprising a container (3) to which a sample gas is supplied and a pair of concave mirrors (5 and 7) arranged so as to face each other inside the container (3), a laser beam is incident into the container (3), and the laser beam is multiply reflected between the concave mirrors (5 and 7), wherein at least one convex lens (9) is arranged on the optical path of the laser beam that is multiply reflected between the pair of concave mirrors (5 and 7) so that the central axis (C.sub.2) thereof is inclined with respect to the central axis (C.sub.1) of the concave mirrors (5 and 7), and an acute angle formed by the central axis (C.sub.2) of the convex lens (9) and the central axis (C.sub.1) of the concave mirrors (5 and 7) is equal to or less than a critical angle when the laser beam is emitted from the convex lens (9).

A method of producing a substance includes a producing step of producing a new substance by, in a state in which a raw material absorbing giant pulse laser light is disposed inside a base material or in a state in which the base material and the raw material are brought into contact with each other and are clamped together, performing irradiation with the giant pulse laser light such that the raw material absorbs the giant pulse laser light and thereby generating shock waves such that at least the raw material undergoes phase transition.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a method for producing a fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate with higher efficiency. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for producing a carbon nanohorn aggregate comprising a fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate, is provided, which includes a step (a) of fixing the end of a rod-shaped carbon target to a fixing jig, and a step (b) of irradiating the rod-shaped carbon target with a laser light, and moving the irradiation position of the laser light in the longitudinal direction of the rod-shaped carbon target without rotating the rod-shaped carbon target.

An apparatus for growing hydrate crystals includes a high-pressure-resistant crystallization vessel, a temperature control system, a pressure control system, a data collection system, and a mobile shelf. The apparatus can realize a variety of experimental methods such as the bubble method, the droplet method and the solution growth method by changing the experimental fitting in the high-pressure-resistant crystallization vessel, and thereby-improve the versatility of the device.