Systems for producing performic acid and methods for producing performic acid. The systems may include two or more reactor units, two or more servient programmable logic controllers, a control panel, and a master programmable logic controller. The system may modify the production of performic acid in at least one of the two or more reactor units upon and/or after the occurrence of a disruptive event in order to maintain a desired level of performic acid production and/or a desired level of disinfection.

The present disclosure relates to processes, methods, systems, and apparatus for steam cracking hydrocarbon in a pyrolysis furnace having a convection zone and a radiant zone. The convection zone includes three heat exchangers in series with a serpentine arrangement. A fluid source is disposed each heat exchanger to provide steam into the heat exchangers. The present disclosure further relates to a process of adjusting the stream flow rate for each fluid source to control operating conditions such as flue gas temperature, stack temperatures, and temperatures of other components of the furnace.

The invention is directed to a method for carrying out a continuous physical or chemical process, in particular crystallization. The method of the invention comprises: comprisingflowing a fluid through a channel comprising an inlet and an outlet for said fluid, wherein said channel is at least in part curved and comprises at least two curvatures,allowing said process to occur at least in part in said fluid in the presence of Dean vortices in said fluid, whilereversing the direction of the flow of said fluid in said channel multiple times, wherein Dean vortices in the fluid in the channel are maintained while the flow is reversed.

Disclosed is a catalyst pre-contact method for the continuous polymerization of an olefin, wherein a primary catalyst, a co-catalyst and, optionally, an external electron donor are mixed and then undergo a pre-contact reaction, with the pre-contact reaction temperature being 30 C. to 35 C. and adjustable, and the pre-contact reaction time being 0.5 min to 10 min and adjustable, and the pre-contacted catalyst is brought into a catalyst prepolymerization system and then into a catalyst polymerization system, or is directly brought into the catalyst polymerization system. Further disclosed is a catalyst pre-contact device for the continuous polymerization of an olefin, which can adjust the pre-contact time and pre-contact temperature of the catalyst so that the performance of the catalyst achieves a better level according to the process.

A polymerization reaction device of a high viscosity resin includes a cylindrical reactor having an inlet formed at an upper part and a discharge port formed at a lower part; and an impeller rotatably arranged inside the reactor and configured to mix materials in the reactor. The materials in the reactor are mixed by the impeller and polymerized into the high viscosity resin, and the polymerized high viscosity resin is discharged to an outside of the reactor through the discharge port by applying an inert gas. A ratio of a diameter of the discharge port to a diameter of the reactor may be set such that 80% or more of the high viscosity resin is discharged from the reactor from a time point when the applying of the inert gas starts to a time point when the inert gas reaches the discharge port.

We describe vortical thin layer film flow along a spiral channel designed to improve mass and heat transfer efficiency for a multitude of physicochemical reactions and processes. Spiral channels, commonly augmented by centrifugal rotation, support rapid reaction between one or more fluids in a given channel. Dean vortices generate screw-shaped patterns processing axially in the channel, repeatedly refreshing radial interfaces. Fluids self-align, self-assemble, stable, controllable, exhibit thin film geometry. Multiple discrete lamellae can flow with independent velocity separated by density and may be soluble or insoluble in one another. Membranes separating spirals allow other interactions. Energy can be provided and extracted from each flow. Flows can enter or exit independently along the channel length. The pressure within each channel is controlled even when operated at the liquid's vapor pressure. The device is scalable to include a multiplicity of flows in a multiplicity of centrifugally rotating chambers.

The invention relates to continuous polymerization apparatus comprising a tubular reactor with a continuous loop section (32), a secondary line section (33) and a pigging system (39) that allows for cleaning of both sections of the reactor in a single continuous pass without manual removal of the pig.

The invention pertains to a method for processing of liquid hydrocarbon raw materials. The method includes preliminary pretreatment of a flow of raw materials and further processing with fractionation. The pretreatment is performed by forming a primary flow of liquid hydrocarbon with the characteristics of a straight tubular laminar flow and then directing that flow through a spiral tubing at a velocity the maximal value of which maintains laminarity of the laminar primary flow through the spiral tubing. The laminary primary flow is fractionated following the pretreatment. The invention has applications to the field of petroleum processing and may find application in the petroleum and petrochemical industries, and in the field of fuel power engineering.

An insert assembly to be used in a rotary apparatus for thermally treating fluids is configured for installation into the rotary apparatus including a rotor with a plurality of rotor blades arranged into a rotor blade cascade, stationary vanes arranged into essentially annular vane cascades adjacently disposed with regard to the rotor blade cascade to form a stator-rotor-stator arrangement, and a casing, in which a duct is formed with at least one inlet and at least one outlet, said casing enclosing the stator-rotor-stator arrangement inside the duct. When positioned inside the duct, the insert assembly forms a guideway to direct a stream of fluidic medium entering the duct through the at least one inlet towards the stator-rotor-stator arrangement and to further direct the stream of fluidic medium exiting the stator-rotor-stator arrangement towards the at least one outlet, respectively.