A hydrogen plant for producing hydrogen, including: a reforming reactor system including a first catalyst bed including an electrically conductive material and a catalytically active material, a heat insulation layer between the first catalyst bed and the pressure shell, and at least two conductors electrically connected to the electrically conductive material and to an electrical power supply placed outside the pressure shell, wherein the electrical power supply is dimensioned to heat at least part of the first catalyst bed to a temperature of at least 500° C. by passing an electrical current through the electrically conductive material, where the pressure shell has a design pressure of between 5 and 200 bar; a water gas shift unit downstream the reforming reactor system; and a gas separation unit downstream the water gas shift unit. A process for producing hydrogen from a feed gas including hydrocarbons.

A reactor system for thermally treating a hydrocarbon-containing stream, that includes a pressure containment vessel comprising an interior chamber defined by a first end, a second end, and at least one side wall extending from the first end to the second end; and a ceramic heat transfer medium that converts electrical current to heat and is positioned within the interior chamber of the pressure containment vessel, wherein the heat transfer medium comprises an electrical resistor, an electrical lead line configured to provide electrical current to the heat transfer medium, a first end face, a second end face, and channels extending between the first end face and the second end face.

A method is provided for rapidly switching a metal-catalysed steam methane reforming reaction of a feed gas from a first steady-state reaction condition (A) to a second steady-state reaction condition (B) or vice-versa. After applying a given voltage and/or feed gas flow, the system can work towards a thermal equilibration to reach steady state without any additional operator input.

An offshore installation or offshore vessel is provided which comprises a reactor system for carrying out steam reforming of a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons.

Array including a first and a second monolith of a structured catalyst for carrying out an endothermic reaction of a feed gas, wherein: a) the first and second monolith include a macroscopic structure of a first and second electrically conductive material; b) each of said first and second monoliths has a number of flow channels formed therein for conveying feed gas through the monoliths; c) the array includes at least a first and a second conductor electrically connected to said first and second monoliths, respectively, and to an electrical power supply, d) the first and second monolith are electrically connected by a monolith bridge; e) the array is configured to direct an electrical current to run from the first conductor through the first monolith to a second end, then through the bridge, and then through the second monolith to the second conductor.

Provided herein are methods of making an adsorbent bed useful as a micro-reactor, or a catalytic and/or separation device. The adsorbent bed comprises a metal-organic framework composite. In the present methods, one or more metal-organic frameworks in powder form are mixed in a liquid to produce a metal-organic framework suspension or other type of metal-organic framework coating. A monolith is coated with the suspension or coating to provide the metal-organic framework composite having at least one metal-organic framework coating layer deposited on and bounded to the monolith. The metal-organic framework composite produced has a BET surface area of about 1 m.sup.2/g to about 300 m.sup.2/g and/or a comparative BET surface area of about 40% to about 100% relative to the metal-organic framework monolith, and pore size between about 1 nm and about 50 nm.

A process is proposed for producing synthesis gas with reduced steam export by catalytic steam reforming of a hydrocarbonaceous feed gas with steam in a multitude of reformer tubes in a burner-heated reformer furnace to form a steam reforming flue gas. This process includes a configuration of the reformer tubes as reformer tubes with internal heat exchange and the use of a structured catalyst. For amounts of export steam between 0 and 0.8 kg of export steam per m.sub.N.sup.3 of hydrogen produced, these features interact synergistically when particular steam reforming conditions are selected.

The present invention relates to a modular reactor system for carrying out processes comprising mixing, chemical reactions, heat exchange and/or separations, the reactor system comprising of at least one additive manufactured module, the module each performing at least one process unit operation, and optionally, an external housing.

A steam methane reformer (SMR) system includes an outer tube, wherein a first end of the outer tube is closed; an inner tube disposed in the outer tube, wherein a first end of the inner tube is open. A flow channel is defined within the inner tube and an annular space is defined between the outer tube and the inner tube, the flow channel being in fluid communication with the annular space. The SMR system includes a catalytic foam disposed in the annular space between the outer tube and the inner tube, the catalytic foam comprising a catalyst.

Methods of heating a reactor system by providing electrical energy are described. A reactor system comprising at least one reactor tube having a catalyst disposed therein and comprises at least one electrically conductive surface is heated by providing electrical energy to the at least one electrically conductive surface on the reactor tube and adjusting a current level of the electrical energy provided to the at least one electrically conductive surface to control the temperature of the reactor tube and the catalyst disposed therein. The reactor tube may be electrically isolated from other electrically conductive components of the reactor system.