Various embodiments include a reactor for carrying out a chemical equilibrium reaction between two gaseous starting materials and a gaseous product comprising: a pressure vessel including a reaction space with an inlet for the two starting materials and a first outlet for the gaseous product; a catalytic material arranged in the reaction space; a condensation area in the reaction space for the gaseous product; and a cooling duct structure cooling the condensation area. The cooling duct structure and the housing of the pressure vessel are constructed in a single piece. The reaction space includes a reaction duct running in a convoluted or helical manner between partitions within the pressure vessel. A cross section of the reaction duct extends between opposite face sides of the pressure vessel.

A catalyst bed includes a structure defining a plurality of channels configured to receive flow of fluid to be chemically catalyzed. The plurality of channels are oriented at least partially non-parallel to an overall flow direction of the flow from inputs of the plurality of channels to outputs of the plurality of channels. A catalyst is exposed at an exterior of the structure.

An engine system for internal combustion and reformation of a fuel includes an engine, and a reforming reactor. The engine comprising an intake manifold for receiving a first fuel and an exhaust manifold for releasing an exhaust gas. The reforming reactor includes a first end portion, a second end, a wall having an outer surface and an inner surface. The inner surface defines an interior cavity for receiving the first fuel, a second fuel, reactants for the first fuel, or combinations thereof. The exhaust manifold of the system is sized and shaped for receiving a portion of the reforming reactor such that the exhaust gas flows along a surface of the reforming reactor within the exhaust manifold.

A structured catalyst for catalyzing an endothermic reaction of a feed gas to convert it to a product gas Including at least one macroscopic structure of an electrically conductive material and at least one connector attached to the at least one macroscopic structure, wherein the macroscopic structure supports a catalytically active material.

This invention relates to processes and systems for converting acyclic hydrocarbons to alkenes, cyclic hydrocarbons and/or aromatics, for example converting acyclic C.sub.5 hydrocarbons to cyclopentadiene in a reactor system. The process includes heating an electrically-conductive reaction zone by applying an electrical current to the first electrically-conductive reaction zone; and contacting a feedstock comprising acyclic hydrocarbons with a catalyst material in the electrically-conductive reaction zone under reaction conditions to convert at least a portion of the acyclic hydrocarbons to an effluent comprising alkenes, cyclic hydrocarbons, and/or aromatics.

Provided is a method for producing an organic compound, the method making it possible to ensure an adequate reaction time and obtain a targeted substance at a high yield even in an organic reaction that requires a relatively long time to complete the reaction. A method for producing an organic compound, wherein the method is characterized in that: a fluid processing apparatus F used in the production method is equipped with an upstream processing unit that processes a fluid to be processed between at least two processing surfaces 1 and 2 that relatively rotate, and a downstream processing unit disposed downstream of the upstream processing unit, the downstream processing unit being provided with a plurality of labyrinth seals that function to retain and stir the fluid to be processed that has been processed by the upstream processing unit; due to the fluid to be processed, which contains at least one type of organic compound, being passed through the upstream processing unit, the fluid to be processed is subjected to upstream processing; due to the fluid to be processed that has been subjected to upstream processing being passed through the downstream processing unit, the fluid to be processed that has been subjected to upstream processing is subjected to downstream processing; and the upstream processing and the downstream processing are performed continuously.

A reactor for producing desired reaction products has a housing, a plurality of catalyst conduits within the housing, and a plurality of coolant conduits within the housing. The coolant conduits are interspersed among the catalyst conduits, and each catalyst conduit is positioned adjacent to at least two coolant conduits.

An installation tool for installing reactor components into a reactor is disclosed. The tool comprises a housing having a first end and a second end opposite the first end; a releasable attachment assembly for securing a reactor component support to the tool, the attachment assembly being pivotably inside the housing; a gas supply hose connected to the first end of the housing; and a gas outlet at the second end of the housing in fluid communication with the gas supply hose. The gas outlet is configured to provide gas to expand a reactor component secured by the releasable attachment assembly. A control line for the releasable attachment assembly runs inside the gas supply hose.

An on-board Flex-Fuel H.sub.2 reforming apparatus provides devices and the methods of operating these devices to produce H.sub.2 and CO from hydrocarbons and bio-fuels. One or more parallel autothermal reformers are used to convert the fuels into H.sub.2 over the Pt group metal catalysts without external heat and power. The produced reformate is then cooled and the dry gas is compressed and stored in vessels at a pressure between 1 to 100 atmospheres. For this system, the pressure of the storage vessels and the flow control curves are used directly to control the amount of the reformers' reformate output.

To improve thermal efficiency of a mobile vehicle or a distributed power generator, portion of the reformate from the storage vessels is used to mix with the primary fuels and air as part of a lean burn fuel mixture for the engine/gas turbine. Also, this on-board Flex-Fuel H.sub.2 reforming apparatus can provide H.sub.2 to regenerate the NO.sub.x and diesel particulate traps for diesel engines, and/or it can provide H.sub.2 for a mobile or a portable fuel cell power generator.

A catalyzing reactor comprising a reactor entrance and a reactor exit and an internal structure arranged for flowing a reacting medium through the reactor from the reactor entrance to the reactor exit. The reactor structure comprising at least one thin walled reactor channel arranged between the entrance and the exit of the reactor. The channel having a channel wall that includes a catalyst and that defines a flow path, in which channel in use, a catalyzed exothermic reaction takes place in the medium as it flows along the flow path. The at least one channel is looped to have a portion of its flow path that is downstream with respect to the reactor entrance in heat exchanging contact with a portion of a flow path that is that is more upstream with respect to the reactor entrance, so as to transfer heat between a downstream portion of the reacting medium to an upstream portion thereof.