Oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of alkanes to alkenes, e.g., propane to propylene, may use solid phase oxygen in VO.sub.x based mixed oxide catalysts. Beyond catalysis, the metal oxide species provide lattice oxygen. The catalysts can be prepared by depositing vanadium oxide(s) on θ-Al.sub.2O.sub.3 mixed with various alkaline earth metal oxide support, e.g., CaO, MgO, BaO, etc. Surface area, acidity, and reduction properties of the catalyst systems can be modified by the support. The catalysts may allow multistage reduction of VO.sub.x, indicating different VO.sub.x species. Vanadium on θ-Al.sub.2O.sub.3/CaO can suppress COx species, while vanadium on θ-Al.sub.2O.sub.3/BaO can yield at least ca. 49% olefins.

Disclosed is method for removing carbonyl sulphide and/or carbon disulphide from a sour gas stream. The method comprises subjecting the gas stream to simultaneous contact with an absorption liquid, such as an aqueous amine solution, and with a catalyst suitable for hydrolyzing carbonyl sulphide and/or carbon disulphide. To this end, the invention also provides a reactor system wherein both an absorption liquid and a catalyst are present. In a preferred embodiment, the catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst present on or in an absorption column, either coated on the trays of a column with trays, or contained in the packing of a packed column.

Disclosed is method for removing carbonyl sulphide and/or carbon disulphide from a sour gas stream. The method comprises subjecting the gas stream to simultaneous contact with an absorption liquid, such as an aqueous amine solution, and with a catalyst suitable for hydrolyzing carbonyl sulphide and/or carbon disulphide. To this end, the invention also provides a reactor system wherein both an absorption liquid and a catalyst are present. In a preferred embodiment, the catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst present on or in an absorption column, either coated on the trays of a column with trays, or contained in the packing of a packed column.

The present invention is directed to selective catalytic reduction catalysts that combine SCR activity with NOx absorber activity. In particular, the disclosed catalytic article includes a substrate having a first and a second material disposed thereon, wherein the first material includes a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst composition and the second material includes a nitrogen oxides (NOx) absorber composition, wherein the NOx absorber composition does not substantially oxidize ammonia, and wherein the catalytic article is effective to abate NOx from an engine exhaust gas stream. Emission treatment systems for treating an exhaust gas including a catalytic article of the invention are provided, particularly systems that include an injector adapted for the addition of ammonia to the exhaust gas stream located upstream of the catalytic article.

The present invention is directed to selective catalytic reduction catalysts that combine SCR activity with NOx absorber activity. In particular, the disclosed catalytic article includes a substrate having a first and a second material disposed thereon, wherein the first material includes a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst composition and the second material includes a nitrogen oxides (NOx) absorber composition, wherein the NOx absorber composition does not substantially oxidize ammonia, and wherein the catalytic article is effective to abate NOx from an engine exhaust gas stream. Emission treatment systems for treating an exhaust gas including a catalytic article of the invention are provided, particularly systems that include an injector adapted for the addition of ammonia to the exhaust gas stream located upstream of the catalytic article.

Method for reducing the content of nitrogen oxides NOx and nitrous oxide N2O in an input gas, comprising the steps of: treating said gas with a first amount of a NOx reducing agent in a first de-NOx catalytic bed; treating the effluent of said first de-NOx catalytic bed in at least one de-N2O catalytic bed for removal of N2O; treating the effluent of said at least one de-N2O catalytic bed with a second amount of a NOx reducing agent in a second de-NOx catalytic bed.

Method for reducing the content of nitrogen oxides NOx and nitrous oxide N2O in an input gas, comprising the steps of: treating said gas with a first amount of a NOx reducing agent in a first de-NOx catalytic bed; treating the effluent of said first de-NOx catalytic bed in at least one de-N2O catalytic bed for removal of N2O; treating the effluent of said at least one de-N2O catalytic bed with a second amount of a NOx reducing agent in a second de-NOx catalytic bed.

This invention relates to a supported catalyst for synthesizing ammonia (NH3) from nitrogen gas (N2) and hydrogen gas (H2), method of making the support, and methods of decorating the support with the catalyst.

A method of synthesizing a doped carbonaceous material includes mixing a carbon precursor material with at least one dopant to form a homogeneous/heterogeneous mixture; and subjecting the mixture to pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere to obtain the doped carbonaceous material. A method of purifying water includes providing an amount of the doped carbonaceous material in the water as a photocatalyst; and illuminating the water containing the doped carbonaceous material with visible light such that under visible light illumination, the doped carbonaceous material generates excitons (electron-hole pairs) and has high electron affinity, which react with oxygen and water adsorbed on its surface forming reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, that, in turn, decompose pollutants and micropollutants.

A method of synthesizing a doped carbonaceous material includes mixing a carbon precursor material with at least one dopant to form a homogeneous/heterogeneous mixture; and subjecting the mixture to pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere to obtain the doped carbonaceous material. A method of purifying water includes providing an amount of the doped carbonaceous material in the water as a photocatalyst; and illuminating the water containing the doped carbonaceous material with visible light such that under visible light illumination, the doped carbonaceous material generates excitons (electron-hole pairs) and has high electron affinity, which react with oxygen and water adsorbed on its surface forming reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, that, in turn, decompose pollutants and micropollutants.