The present disclosure relates to an exhaust gas treatment system for treating an exhaust gas stream leaving an internal combustion engine, wherein said exhaust gas treatment system comprises (i) a first catalyst comprising a coating and a first substrate, wherein the coating comprises a vanadium oxide supported on a first oxidic support comprising titanium; (ii) a hydrocarbon injector for injecting a fluid comprising hydrocarbons into the exhaust gas stream exiting the outlet end of the first catalyst according to (i); (iii) a second catalyst comprising a coating and a second substrate, wherein the coating comprises palladium on a second oxidic support comprising one or more of zirconium, silicon, aluminum and titanium.

The present disclosure relates to an exhaust gas treatment system for treating an exhaust gas stream leaving an internal combustion engine, wherein said exhaust gas treatment system comprises (i) a first catalyst comprising a coating and a first substrate, wherein the coating comprises a vanadium oxide supported on a first oxidic support comprising titanium; (ii) a hydrocarbon injector for injecting a fluid comprising hydrocarbons into the exhaust gas stream exiting the outlet end of the first catalyst according to (i); (iii) a second catalyst comprising a coating and a second substrate, wherein the coating comprises palladium on a second oxidic support comprising one or more of zirconium, silicon, aluminum and titanium.

Processes for converting a hydrocarbon reactant into an alcohol compound and/or a carbonyl compound are disclosed in which the hydrocarbon reactant and a supported transition metal catalyst—containing molybdenum, tungsten, or vanadium—are irradiated with a light beam at a wavelength in the UV-visible spectrum, optionally in an oxidizing atmosphere, to form a reduced transition metal catalyst, followed by hydrolyzing the reduced transition metal catalyst to form a reaction product containing the alcohol compound and/or the carbonyl compound.

Processes for converting a hydrocarbon reactant into an alcohol compound and/or a carbonyl compound are disclosed in which the hydrocarbon reactant and a supported transition metal catalyst—containing molybdenum, tungsten, or vanadium—are irradiated with a light beam at a wavelength in the UV-visible spectrum, optionally in an oxidizing atmosphere, to form a reduced transition metal catalyst, followed by hydrolyzing the reduced transition metal catalyst to form a reaction product containing the alcohol compound and/or the carbonyl compound.

A hybrid photoactive heterojunction including a copper vanadate, Cu.sub.2V.sub.2O.sub.7 (CVO) and a zinc vanadate, Zn.sub.2V.sub.2O.sub.6 (ZVO). Particles of the ZVO are dispersed in particles of the CVO to form the hybrid photoactive heterojunction. The hybrid photoactive heterojunction in the form of a photoactive film includes a substrate which is at least partially coated with the hybrid photoactive heterojunction. A method of photodegrading a dye includes contacting the photoactive film and the dye in a solution and exposing the solution to light. A method of photoelectrochemically oxidizing water includes contacting the photoactive film with water in a solution and exposing the solution to light.

A hybrid photoactive heterojunction including a copper vanadate, Cu.sub.2V.sub.2O.sub.7 (CVO) and a zinc vanadate, Zn.sub.2V.sub.2O.sub.6 (ZVO). Particles of the ZVO are dispersed in particles of the CVO to form the hybrid photoactive heterojunction. The hybrid photoactive heterojunction in the form of a photoactive film includes a substrate which is at least partially coated with the hybrid photoactive heterojunction. A method of photodegrading a dye includes contacting the photoactive film and the dye in a solution and exposing the solution to light. A method of photoelectrochemically oxidizing water includes contacting the photoactive film with water in a solution and exposing the solution to light.

An exhaust gas treatment system includes in order: an intake for receiving an exhaust gas from a lean burn combustion engine; an injector for the provision of a nitrogenous reductant; a close-coupled vanadium-containing SCR catalyst composition; one or more downstream PGM-containing oxidation catalyst compositions, wherein the close-coupled vanadium-containing SCR catalyst composition includes cerium in a Ce:V molar ratio of greater than 0.3.

An exhaust gas treatment system includes in order: an intake for receiving an exhaust gas from a lean burn combustion engine; an injector for the provision of a nitrogenous reductant; a close-coupled vanadium-containing SCR catalyst composition; one or more downstream PGM-containing oxidation catalyst compositions, wherein the close-coupled vanadium-containing SCR catalyst composition includes cerium in a Ce:V molar ratio of greater than 0.3.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a denitration catalyst with wide operating temperature for flue gas, which utilizes an organic vanadium compound as a vanadium precursor, and titanium dioxide powder or titanium tungsten powder as a carrier, and is prepared by mechanical ball milling method and heat treatment to obtain a catalyst, which denitration of fixed source flue gas under wide temperature range. Compared with the existing arts, the present invention includes minor modifications to the traditional vanadium tungsten titanium catalyst system and adopts the mechanical ball milling method, the activity and resistance to sulfur and water poisoning are improved significantly, thus providing a preparation technology of SCR denitration powder catalyst which is green, highly efficient, low cost and simple in operation. Through the interaction of the organic vanadium precursor with the carrier, the vanadium surface atom concentration of the catalyst is higher, the species of polymeric vanadium is more, and the vanadium oxide is more easily reduced, thereby obtaining higher denitrification activity at low temperature. The denitration catalyst of the present invention has relatively higher activity at 200-450° C. while having good resistance to sulfur and water poisoning.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a denitration catalyst with wide operating temperature for flue gas, which utilizes an organic vanadium compound as a vanadium precursor, and titanium dioxide powder or titanium tungsten powder as a carrier, and is prepared by mechanical ball milling method and heat treatment to obtain a catalyst, which denitration of fixed source flue gas under wide temperature range. Compared with the existing arts, the present invention includes minor modifications to the traditional vanadium tungsten titanium catalyst system and adopts the mechanical ball milling method, the activity and resistance to sulfur and water poisoning are improved significantly, thus providing a preparation technology of SCR denitration powder catalyst which is green, highly efficient, low cost and simple in operation. Through the interaction of the organic vanadium precursor with the carrier, the vanadium surface atom concentration of the catalyst is higher, the species of polymeric vanadium is more, and the vanadium oxide is more easily reduced, thereby obtaining higher denitrification activity at low temperature. The denitration catalyst of the present invention has relatively higher activity at 200-450° C. while having good resistance to sulfur and water poisoning.