Processes for converting a hydrocarbon reactant into an alcohol compound and/or a carbonyl compound are disclosed in which the hydrocarbon reactant and a supported transition metal catalystcontaining molybdenum, tungsten, or vanadiumare irradiated with a light beam at a wavelength in the UV-visible spectrum, optionally in an oxidizing atmosphere, to form a reduced transition metal catalyst, followed by hydrolyzing the reduced transition metal catalyst to form a reaction product containing the alcohol compound and/or the carbonyl compound.

Processes for converting a hydrocarbon reactant into an alcohol compound and/or a carbonyl compound are disclosed in which the hydrocarbon reactant and a supported transition metal catalystcontaining molybdenum, tungsten, or vanadiumare irradiated with a light beam at a wavelength in the UV-visible spectrum, optionally in an oxidizing atmosphere, to form a reduced transition metal catalyst, followed by hydrolyzing the reduced transition metal catalyst to form a reaction product containing the alcohol compound and/or the carbonyl compound.

The present disclosure provides an improved shaped catalyst containing catalytic material comprised of mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus and using such shaped catalysts for the production of maleic anhydride.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing carbon nanotubes, the method including: preparing a support including AlO(OH) by primary heat treatment of Al(OH).sub.3; preparing an active carrier by supporting a mixture including a main catalyst precursor and a cocatalyst precursor on the support; drying the active carrier through multi-stage drying including vacuum drying; preparing a supported catalyst by secondary heat treatment of the dried active support; and preparing carbon nanotubes in the presence of the supported catalyst, and the carbon nanotubes prepared by the method as described above can remarkably improve conductivity.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing carbon nanotubes, the method including: preparing a support including AlO(OH) by primary heat treatment of Al(OH).sub.3; preparing an active carrier by supporting a mixture including a main catalyst precursor and a cocatalyst precursor on the support; drying the active carrier through multi-stage drying including vacuum drying; preparing a supported catalyst by secondary heat treatment of the dried active support; and preparing carbon nanotubes in the presence of the supported catalyst, and the carbon nanotubes prepared by the method as described above can remarkably improve conductivity.

A process for forming protoanemonin from an amount of levulinic acid or an amount of -Angelica lactone using oxidative dehydrogenation. Biomass-derived levulinic acid (LA) is a green platform chemical and, using an oxidative scission pathway can be transformed into cyclic intermediates, namely angelicalactones to form protoanemonin. The oxidative dehydrogenation may be heterogeneously catalyzed in a gas-phase to perform aerobic oxidation using a solid oxide such as vanadium oxide. Protoanemonin is an intriguing polyfunctional molecule that is uniquely suited to bio-based production, and can be synthesized in yields from 50%-75% during periods of transient reactor operation.

A process for forming protoanemonin from an amount of levulinic acid or an amount of -Angelica lactone using oxidative dehydrogenation. Biomass-derived levulinic acid (LA) is a green platform chemical and, using an oxidative scission pathway can be transformed into cyclic intermediates, namely angelicalactones to form protoanemonin. The oxidative dehydrogenation may be heterogeneously catalyzed in a gas-phase to perform aerobic oxidation using a solid oxide such as vanadium oxide. Protoanemonin is an intriguing polyfunctional molecule that is uniquely suited to bio-based production, and can be synthesized in yields from 50%-75% during periods of transient reactor operation.

Provided are the following: a mixture of visible light-responsive photocatalytic titanium oxide fine particles which can conveniently produce a photocatalyst thin film that exhibits photocatalyst activity even with only visible light (400-800 nm) and that exhibits high transparency; a dispersion liquid of the fine particles; a method for producing the dispersion liquid; a photocatalyst thin film; and a member having the photocatalyst thin film on a surface thereof. The mixture of visible light-responsive photocatalytic titanium oxide fine particles is characterized by containing two kinds of titanium dioxide fine particles: first titanium oxide fine particles, in which a tin component and a transition metal component (excluding an iron group element component) that increases visible light response properties form a solid solution, and second titanium oxide fine particles, in which an iron group element component and a chromium group element component form a solid solution.

Provided are the following: a mixture of visible light-responsive photocatalytic titanium oxide fine particles which can conveniently produce a photocatalyst thin film that exhibits photocatalyst activity even with only visible light (400-800 nm) and that exhibits high transparency; a dispersion liquid of the fine particles; a method for producing the dispersion liquid; a photocatalyst thin film; and a member having the photocatalyst thin film on a surface thereof. The mixture of visible light-responsive photocatalytic titanium oxide fine particles is characterized by containing two kinds of titanium dioxide fine particles: first titanium oxide fine particles, in which a tin component and a transition metal component (excluding an iron group element component) that increases visible light response properties form a solid solution, and second titanium oxide fine particles, in which an iron group element component and a chromium group element component form a solid solution.

The present invention provides a catalyst composition for the production of olefins from lighter alkanes by oxidative dehydrogenation route and methods of making the dehydrogenation catalyst composites.