An exhaust gas heating unit for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine includes a jacket heating conductor element (12) with a jacket (16) and with an electrical heating conductor (14). The electrical heating conductor (14) extends in the jacket (16) and is surrounded by insulating material (18). A heat transfer surface formation (20) is arranged on an outer side of the jacket (16) and is in heat transfer contact with same.

An exhaust gas heating unit for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine includes a jacket heating conductor element (12) with a jacket (16) and with an electrical heating conductor (14). The electrical heating conductor (14) extends in the jacket (16) and is surrounded by insulating material (18). A heat transfer surface formation (20) is arranged on an outer side of the jacket (16) and is in heat transfer contact with same.

A combustible gas from carbon black production is utilized in a gas engine by adding an oxygen-containing gas to the combustible gas, passing said mixed gas over a selective catalyst, which is active for oxidizing H.sub.2S to SO.sub.2 but substantially inactive for oxidation of CO, H.sub.2 and other hydrocarbons with less than 4 C-atoms, passing the converted gas through an SO.sub.2 removal step, and passing the cleaned gas to a gas engine or to an energy recovery boiler. This way, the tail gas from carbon black production, which is normally combusted in a CO boiler or incinerated, can be utilized to good effect.

A combustible gas from carbon black production is utilized in a gas engine by adding an oxygen-containing gas to the combustible gas, passing said mixed gas over a selective catalyst, which is active for oxidizing H.sub.2S to SO.sub.2 but substantially inactive for oxidation of CO, H.sub.2 and other hydrocarbons with less than 4 C-atoms, passing the converted gas through an SO.sub.2 removal step, and passing the cleaned gas to a gas engine or to an energy recovery boiler. This way, the tail gas from carbon black production, which is normally combusted in a CO boiler or incinerated, can be utilized to good effect.

The present invention provides: an interior material having a surface layer which has visible light-responsive photocatalytic activity and which contains two types of titanium oxide microparticles, the two types of titanium oxide microparticles comprising first titanium oxide microparticles, in which a tin component and a transition metal component for enhancing visible light responsiveness (excluding iron group components) are in solid solution, and second titanium oxide microparticles, in which an iron group component is in solid solution; and a method for manufacturing the interior material. The present invention makes it possible to provide an interior material in which visible light-responsive photocatalytic titanium oxide microparticles, which make it possible to easily produce a surface layer (photocatalyst thin film) having high transparency and expressing photocatalytic activity even in response to visible light (400-800 nm) only, are applied onto a surface, whereby it is possible to obtain, under indoor illumination, excellent photocatalytic properties such as an antimicrobial property and a property of breaking down chemical substances in indoor air without adversely affecting the design quality of the article in question.

The present invention provides: an interior material having a surface layer which has visible light-responsive photocatalytic activity and which contains two types of titanium oxide microparticles, the two types of titanium oxide microparticles comprising first titanium oxide microparticles, in which a tin component and a transition metal component for enhancing visible light responsiveness (excluding iron group components) are in solid solution, and second titanium oxide microparticles, in which an iron group component is in solid solution; and a method for manufacturing the interior material. The present invention makes it possible to provide an interior material in which visible light-responsive photocatalytic titanium oxide microparticles, which make it possible to easily produce a surface layer (photocatalyst thin film) having high transparency and expressing photocatalytic activity even in response to visible light (400-800 nm) only, are applied onto a surface, whereby it is possible to obtain, under indoor illumination, excellent photocatalytic properties such as an antimicrobial property and a property of breaking down chemical substances in indoor air without adversely affecting the design quality of the article in question.

The present invention is directed to selective catalytic reduction catalysts that combine SCR activity with NOx absorber activity. In particular, the disclosed catalytic article includes a substrate having a first and a second material disposed thereon, wherein the first material includes a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst composition and the second material includes a nitrogen oxides (NOx) absorber composition, wherein the NOx absorber composition does not substantially oxidize ammonia, and wherein the catalytic article is effective to abate NOx from an engine exhaust gas stream. Emission treatment systems for treating an exhaust gas including a catalytic article of the invention are provided, particularly systems that include an injector adapted for the addition of ammonia to the exhaust gas stream located upstream of the catalytic article.

The present invention is directed to selective catalytic reduction catalysts that combine SCR activity with NOx absorber activity. In particular, the disclosed catalytic article includes a substrate having a first and a second material disposed thereon, wherein the first material includes a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst composition and the second material includes a nitrogen oxides (NOx) absorber composition, wherein the NOx absorber composition does not substantially oxidize ammonia, and wherein the catalytic article is effective to abate NOx from an engine exhaust gas stream. Emission treatment systems for treating an exhaust gas including a catalytic article of the invention are provided, particularly systems that include an injector adapted for the addition of ammonia to the exhaust gas stream located upstream of the catalytic article.

The present invention relates to a catalyst system for oxidation of o-xylene and/or naphthalene to phthalic anhydride (PA) comprising at least four catalyst zones arranged in succession in the reaction tube and filled with catalysts of different chemical composition wherein the active material of the catalysts comprise vanadium and titanium dioxide and the active material of the catalyst in the last catalyst zone towards the reactor outlet has an antimony content (calculated as antimony trioxide) between 0.7 to 3.0 wt. %. The present invention further relates to a process for gas phase oxidation in which a gas stream comprising at least one hydrocarbon and molecular oxygen is passed through a catalyst system which comprises at least four catalyst zones arranged in succession in the reaction tube and filled with catalysts of different chemical composition wherein the active materials of the catalysts comprise vanadium and titanium dioxide and the active material of the catalyst in the last catalyst zone towards the reactor outlet has an antimony content (calculated as antimony trioxide) between 0.7 to 3.0 wt. %.

The present invention relates to a catalyst system for oxidation of o-xylene and/or naphthalene to phthalic anhydride (PA) comprising at least four catalyst zones arranged in succession in the reaction tube and filled with catalysts of different chemical composition wherein the active material of the catalysts comprise vanadium and titanium dioxide and the active material of the catalyst in the last catalyst zone towards the reactor outlet has an antimony content (calculated as antimony trioxide) between 0.7 to 3.0 wt. %. The present invention further relates to a process for gas phase oxidation in which a gas stream comprising at least one hydrocarbon and molecular oxygen is passed through a catalyst system which comprises at least four catalyst zones arranged in succession in the reaction tube and filled with catalysts of different chemical composition wherein the active materials of the catalysts comprise vanadium and titanium dioxide and the active material of the catalyst in the last catalyst zone towards the reactor outlet has an antimony content (calculated as antimony trioxide) between 0.7 to 3.0 wt. %.