Methods for synthesizing a water-soluble titanium-silicon complex are disclosed herein. The titanium-silicon complex can be utilized to produce titanated solid oxide supports and titanated chromium supported catalysts. The titanated chromium supported catalysts subsequently can be used to polymerize olefins to produce, for example, ethylene based homopolymer and copolymers.

Methods for synthesizing a water-soluble titanium-silicon complex are disclosed herein. The titanium-silicon complex can be utilized to produce titanated solid oxide supports and titanated chromium supported catalysts. The titanated chromium supported catalysts subsequently can be used to polymerize olefins to produce, for example, ethylene based homopolymer and copolymers.

The present invention pertains to a novel process of manufacturing the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). The compound 1234yf is the newest refrigerant with zero OPD (Ozone Depleting Potential) and zero GWP (Global Warming Potential). Thus, the invention relates to a process, involving a carbene generation route, for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), of the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane), and optionally of the compound 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropene (1233xf) via carbene route and compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane). The invention also relates to a process for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), wherein the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane) serves as a starting material, for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). Further, the invention relates to a process for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), and of the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane), the initial starting materials are selected from the group consisting of com-pound 123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane), compound 124 (2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), and compound 125 (pentafluoroethane).

The present invention pertains to a novel process of manufacturing the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). The compound 1234yf is the newest refrigerant with zero OPD (Ozone Depleting Potential) and zero GWP (Global Warming Potential). Thus, the invention relates to a process, involving a carbene generation route, for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), of the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane), and optionally of the compound 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropene (1233xf) via carbene route and compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane). The invention also relates to a process for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), wherein the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane) serves as a starting material, for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). Further, the invention relates to a process for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), and of the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane), the initial starting materials are selected from the group consisting of com-pound 123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane), compound 124 (2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), and compound 125 (pentafluoroethane).

The present invention pertains to a novel process of manufacturing the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). The compound 1234yf is the newest refrigerant with zero OPD (Ozone Depleting Potential) and zero GWP (Global Warming Potential). Thus, the invention relates to a process, involving a carbene generation route, for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), of the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane), and optionally of the compound 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropene (1233xf) via carbene route and compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane). The invention also relates to a process for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), wherein the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane) serves as a starting material, for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). Further, the invention relates to a process for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), and of the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane), the initial starting materials are selected from the group consisting of com-pound 123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane), compound 124 (2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), and compound 125 (pentafluoroethane).

The present invention pertains to a novel process of manufacturing the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). The compound 1234yf is the newest refrigerant with zero OPD (Ozone Depleting Potential) and zero GWP (Global Warming Potential). Thus, the invention relates to a process, involving a carbene generation route, for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), of the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane), and optionally of the compound 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropene (1233xf) via carbene route and compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane). The invention also relates to a process for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), wherein the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane) serves as a starting material, for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). Further, the invention relates to a process for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), and of the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane), the initial starting materials are selected from the group consisting of com-pound 123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane), compound 124 (2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), and compound 125 (pentafluoroethane).

The present invention provides a process for preparing 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (245cb), the process comprising gas phase catalytic dehydrochlorination of a composition comprising 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,3-dichloropropane (243db) to produce an intermediate composition comprising 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-chloro-prop-1-ene (CF.sub.3CCI═CH.sub.2, 1233xf), hydrogen chloride (HCl) and, optionally, air; and gas phase catalytic fluorination with hydrogen fluoride (HF) of the intermediate composition to produce a reactor product composition comprising 245cb, HF, HCl and air; wherein the process is carried out with a co-feed of air.

The present invention provides a process for preparing 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (245cb), the process comprising gas phase catalytic dehydrochlorination of a composition comprising 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,3-dichloropropane (243db) to produce an intermediate composition comprising 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-chloro-prop-1-ene (CF.sub.3CCI═CH.sub.2, 1233xf), hydrogen chloride (HCl) and, optionally, air; and gas phase catalytic fluorination with hydrogen fluoride (HF) of the intermediate composition to produce a reactor product composition comprising 245cb, HF, HCl and air; wherein the process is carried out with a co-feed of air.

This invention relates to a catalyst system comprising (a) at least one layer of a first catalyst comprising a dehydrogenation active metal on a solid support; (b) at least one layer of a second catalyst comprising a metal oxide; and (c) at least one layer of a third catalyst comprising a transition metal on an inorganic support; wherein the at least one layer of a second catalyst is sandwiched between the at least one layer of a first catalyst and the at least one layer of a third catalyst; and a process comprising contacting a hydrocarbon feed with the catalyst system.

A method of preparing a catalyst comprising a) contacting a non-aqueous solvent, a carboxylic acid, and a chromium-containing compound to form an acidic mixture; b) contacting a titanium-containing compound with the acidic mixture to form a titanium treatment solution; c) contacting a pre-formed silica-support comprising from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % water with the titanium treatment solution to form a pre-catalyst; and d) thermally treating the pre-catalyst to form the catalyst. A method of preparing a catalyst comprising a) contacting a non-aqueous solvent and a carboxylic acid to form an acidic mixture; b) contacting a titanium-containing compound with the acidic mixture to form a titanium treatment solution; c) contacting a pre-formed chrominated silica-support comprising from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % water with the titanium treatment solution to form a pre-catalyst; and d) thermally treating the pre-catalyst to form the catalyst.