A method for making a carbon nanotube composite catalytic film includes providing a carbon nanotube film and providing a precursor solution including iron nitrate, nickel chloride, and molybdenum pentachloride. The precursor solution is placed on the carbon nanotube film, to obtain a precursor film. The precursor film defines multiple through holes spaced apart from each other. The precursor film with the multiple through holes is annealed and a sulfur power is applied during annealing the precursor film with the multiple through holes.

The present invention relates to a catalyst precursor for forming a molybdenum disulfide catalyst through a reaction with sulfur in heavy oil and to a method for hydrocracking heavy oil by using same. According to the present invention, the yield of a low-boiling liquid product with a high economic value in the products by heavy oil cracking can be increased, and the yield of a relatively uneconomical gas product or coke (toluene insoluble component), which is a byproduct, can be significantly lowered.

The present invention provides a process for preparing 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (245cb), the process comprising gas phase catalytic dehydrochlorination of a composition comprising 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,3-dichloropropane (243db) to produce an intermediate composition comprising 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-chloro-prop-1-ene (CF.sub.3CCI═CH.sub.2, 1233xf), hydrogen chloride (HCl) and, optionally, air; and gas phase catalytic fluorination with hydrogen fluoride (HF) of the intermediate composition to produce a reactor product composition comprising 245cb, HF, HCl and air; wherein the process is carried out with a co-feed of air.

The present invention relates to a calcined medium, in particular a catalyst or a catalyst medium or an adsorbent/absorbent mass, in particular in the form of extrudates, pellets, granules or beads, the medium comprising a porous matrix comprising carbonates, clays, zeolites, oxides, or metal and/or silicon hydroxides, and the matrix incorporating hollow mineral microspheres having a different composition in a content of between 0.3 and 50% by weight, in particular between 0.5 and 15% by weight, of the matrix.

A method for activating an oxidic fresh hydroprocessing catalyst or the catalytically active material of a spent hydroprocessing catalyst comprising a refractory oxide support and one or more base metals selected from Ni, Co, Mo and W comprises optionally regenerating the catalyst, adjusting an aqueous activating solution, which contains an organic acid, to pH > 3 with an alkaline additive, impregnating the catalytically active material with the pH-adjusted aqueous activating solution, and heat-treating the catalyst at a temperature of 120-450° C.

A method for activating an oxidic fresh hydroprocessing catalyst or the catalytically active material of a spent hydroprocessing catalyst comprising a refractory oxide support and one or more base metals selected from Ni, Co, Mo and W comprises optionally regenerating the catalyst, adjusting an aqueous activating solution, which contains an organic acid, to pH > 3 with an alkaline additive, impregnating the catalytically active material with the pH-adjusted aqueous activating solution, and heat-treating the catalyst at a temperature of 120-450° C.

A cerium-zirconium based mixed oxide composition have: (a) a Ce:Zr molar ratio of 1 or less, and (b) a cerium oxide content of 10-50% by weight. The composition has (i) a surface area of at least 18 m.sup.2/g, and a total pore volume as measured by N.sub.2 physisorption of at least 0.11 cm.sup.3/g, after ageing at 1100° C. in an air atmosphere for 6 hours, (ii) a surface area of at least 42 m.sup.2/g, and a total pore volume as measured by N.sub.2 physisorption of at least 0.31 cm.sup.3/g, after ageing at 1000° C. in an air atmosphere for 4 hours, and (iii) Dynamic Oxygen Storage Capacity (D-OSC) value as measured by H.sub.2-TIR of greater than 500 μmol/g at 600° C. after aging at 800° C. in an air atmosphere for 2 hours. A process contacts the exhaust gas with the composition Another process is for preparing the composition.

The present invention provides a method for producing an oxide catalyst containing antimony, comprising a step (A) of obtaining the oxide catalyst using antimony particles containing a diantimony trioxide as a source of the antimony, wherein an abundance of a pentavalent antimony in a surface layer of the antimony particle to be measured in XPS analysis is less than 70 atom %, and the antimony particle has an average particle size of 1.2 μm or less.

The present invention provides a method for producing an oxide catalyst containing antimony, comprising a step (A) of obtaining the oxide catalyst using antimony particles containing a diantimony trioxide as a source of the antimony, wherein an abundance of a pentavalent antimony in a surface layer of the antimony particle to be measured in XPS analysis is less than 70 atom %, and the antimony particle has an average particle size of 1.2 μm or less.

The invention relates to a process for preparing methyl mercaptan from a mixture of carbon oxide, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen, in the presence of a catalyst based on molybdenum and potassium supported on zirconia, said catalyst not comprising any promoter.